말다

Korean

Etymology 1

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “The not sense may be related to Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ma (cf. User_talk:Wyang/Archive2#Question_re:_copula_in_Korean).”

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯다〮 (Yale: mǎltá). From Old Korean 休伊 (*MAl-).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	malda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	malda
McCune–Reischauer^?	malda
Yale Romanization^?	mālta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	말다 (malda)
Causative	말리다 (mallida)

말다 • (malda) (infinitive 말아, sequential 마니)

(auxiliary, used to negate imperatives, with —지 (-ji)) to not do something, to stop doing
잔디 에 앉지 마시오. ― Jandi-e an-ji masio. ― Do not sit on the lawn.

담배 피우지 마세요. ― Dambae piu-ji maseyo. ― Please don't smoke.
(auxiliary, showing an unplanned action completed undesirably, with —고 (-go)) to end up doing something
기차 를 놓치고 말았어. ― Gicha-reul notchi-go marasseo. ― I ended up missing the train.

Conjugation

This verb has irregular imperative forms:

Formal non polite (해라체 (haerache)): 마라 (mara) or 말아라 (marara)
Informal non polite (해체 (haeche)): 마 (ma)
Informal polite (해요체 (haeyoche)): 마요 (mayo) or 말아요 (marayo)

Selected forms of the verb 말다 (malda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	만다 manda	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	맙니다 mamnida
Indicative	Past	말았다 maratda	말았어 marasseo	말았어요 marasseoyo	말았습니다 maratseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	마느냐 maneunya	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	맙니까 mamnikka
Interrogative	Past	말았느냐 maranneunya	말았어 marasseo	말았어요 marasseoyo	말았습니까 maratseumnikka
Hortative		말자 malja	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	마십시다 masipsida
Imperative		말아라 marara	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	맙시오 mapsio
Assertive		말겠다 malgetda	말겠어 malgesseo	말겠어요 malgesseoyo	말겠습니다 malgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		말아 mara	말아서 maraseo	마니 mani	마니까 manikka
Contrast		말지만 maljiman	마는데 maneunde	말더니 maldeoni
Conjunction		말고 malgo
Condition		말면 malmyeon	말아야 maraya
Motive		말려고 mallyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		맒 mam	말기 malgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		말았음 marasseum	말았기 maratgi
Determiners	Past	만 man
	Present	마는 maneun
	Future	말 mal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	마신다 masinda	마셔 masyeo	마세요, 마셔요 maseyo, masyeoyo	마십니다 masimnida
Indicative	Past	마셨다 masyeotda	마셨어 masyeosseo	마셨어요 masyeosseoyo	마셨습니다 masyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	마시느냐 masineunya	마셔 masyeo	마세요, 마셔요 maseyo, masyeoyo	마십니까 masimnikka
Interrogative	Past	마셨느냐 masyeonneunya	마셨어 masyeosseo	마셨어요 masyeosseoyo	마셨습니까 masyeotseumnikka
Imperative		마시라 masira	마셔 masyeo	마세요 maseyo	마십시오 masipsio
Assertive		마시겠다 masigetda	마시겠어 masigesseo	마시겠어요 masigesseoyo	마시겠습니다 masigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		마셔 masyeo	마셔서 masyeoseo	마시니 masini	마시니까 masinikka
Contrast		마시지만 masijiman	마시는데 masineunde	마시더니 masideoni
Conjunction		마시고 masigo
Condition		마시면 masimyeon	마셔야 masyeoya
Motive		마시려고 masiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		마심 masim	마시기 masigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		마셨음 masyeosseum	마셨기 masyeotgi
Determiners	Past	마신 masin
	Present	마시는 masineun
	Future	마실 masil

References

National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 9 (last accessed)) “말다 [malda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “The roll sense may be related to Japanese 丸 (maro, maru, “round”).”

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆯ다 (Yale: molta).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	malda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	malda
McCune–Reischauer^?	malda
Yale Romanization^?	malta

Verb

말다 • (malda) (infinitive 말아, sequential 마니)

to roll up
그 여자 는 신문지 를 말아 길고 가느다란 봉 을 만들었다.
Geu yeoja-neun sinmunji-reul mara gilgo ganeudaran bong-eul mandeureotda.
She rolled the newspaper into a long, thin rod.

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 말다 (malda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	만다 manda	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	맙니다 mamnida
Indicative	Past	말았다 maratda	말았어 marasseo	말았어요 marasseoyo	말았습니다 maratseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	마느냐 maneunya	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	맙니까 mamnikka
Interrogative	Past	말았느냐 maranneunya	말았어 marasseo	말았어요 marasseoyo	말았습니까 maratseumnikka
Hortative		말자 malja	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	마십시다 masipsida
Imperative		말아라 marara	말아 mara	말아요 marayo	맙시오 mapsio
Assertive		말겠다 malgetda	말겠어 malgesseo	말겠어요 malgesseoyo	말겠습니다 malgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		말아 mara	말아서 maraseo	마니 mani	마니까 manikka
Contrast		말지만 maljiman	마는데 maneunde	말더니 maldeoni
Conjunction		말고 malgo
Condition		말면 malmyeon	말아야 maraya
Motive		말려고 mallyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		맒 mam	말기 malgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		말았음 marasseum	말았기 maratgi
Determiners	Past	만 man
	Present	마는 maneun
	Future	말 mal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	마신다 masinda	마셔 masyeo	마세요, 마셔요 maseyo, masyeoyo	마십니다 masimnida
Indicative	Past	마셨다 masyeotda	마셨어 masyeosseo	마셨어요 masyeosseoyo	마셨습니다 masyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	마시느냐 masineunya	마셔 masyeo	마세요, 마셔요 maseyo, masyeoyo	마십니까 masimnikka
Interrogative	Past	마셨느냐 masyeonneunya	마셨어 masyeosseo	마셨어요 masyeosseoyo	마셨습니까 masyeotseumnikka
Imperative		마시라 masira	마셔 masyeo	마세요 maseyo	마십시오 masipsio
Assertive		마시겠다 masigetda	마시겠어 masigesseo	마시겠어요 masigesseoyo	마시겠습니다 masigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		마셔 masyeo	마셔서 masyeoseo	마시니 masini	마시니까 masinikka
Contrast		마시지만 masijiman	마시는데 masineunde	마시더니 masideoni
Conjunction		마시고 masigo
Condition		마시면 masimyeon	마셔야 masyeoya
Motive		마시려고 masiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		마심 masim	마시기 masigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		마셨음 masyeosseum	마셨기 masyeotgi
Determiners	Past	마신 masin
	Present	마시는 masineun
	Future	마실 masil

말다

Contents

Korean

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia