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U+C0BC, 삼
HANGUL SYLLABLE SAM
Composition: + +

Hangul Syllables




삐 ←→ 새

Jeju

Etymology

Sino-Korean word from . Cognate with Korean (sam).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /sʰa̠m/

Numeral

(sam)

  1. three
  2. third

References

  • ” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sam
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sam
McCune–Reischauer?sam
Yale Romanization?sam

Etymology 1

Korean numbers (edit)
30
 ←  2 3 4  → 
    Native isol.: (set)
    Native attr.: (se), (dated) (seok), (archaic) (seo)
    Sino-Korean: (sam)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 셋째 (setjjae)

Sino-Korean word from .

Numeral

(sam) (hanja )

  1. (Sino-Korean numeral) three
Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 반(班) (se ban, three school classes, native numeral)
  • 반(班) (sam ban, Class Number Three, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나 주세 (hana-man deo juse-yo, Could you give me just one more, please, native numeral)
  • 더하기 ? (il deohagi ir-eun?, What's one plus one?, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean 삼〮 (Yale: sám).

Noun

(sam)

  1. hemp (Cannabis sativa)
    Synonyms: 마(麻) (ma), 대마(大麻) (daema)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from .

Noun

(sam) (hanja )

  1. ginseng
    Synonyms: 인삼(人蔘) (insam), (cant) (sim)
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Verb

(sam)

  1. verbal noun of 사다 (sada, to buy)