īstens
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Latvian
Etymology
Apparently from īsts (“true, real”) + -ens. Compare Russian и́стина (ístina, “truth”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
īstens (definite īstenais, comparative īstenāks, superlative visīstenākais, adverb īsteni)
- real, true, genuine
- mājas īstenais saimnieks ― the true, real owner of the house
- ģimenes īstenais apgādnieks ― the family's true, real provider
- visās zemēs īstenie dzimtenes patrioti vienmēr bijuši un ir darbaļaudis ― the real patriots in all lands are and have always been the workers
- īstens, patiess un vērtīgs būs tikai tas darbs, kas attēlo dziļāko patiesību ― real, true and valuable is only the work that represents the deepest truth
- true, correct
- atrast īsteno atbildi ― to find the true answer
- (of members of a society) full
- akadēmijas īstenais loceklis ― full member of the academy (the highest, most honorable form of membership)
Usage notes
In most cases, īsts and īstens are interchangeable, with īsts being usually the preferred, more modern term. One exception, though, is akadēmijas īstenais loceklis, where īsts is not used.
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of īstens
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | īstens | īsteni | īstena | īstenas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | īstenu | īstenus | īstenu | īstenas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | īstena | īstenu | īstenas | īstenu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | īstenam | īsteniem | īstenai | īstenām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | īstenu | īsteniem | īstenu | īstenām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | īstenā | īstenos | īstenā | īstenās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||