Καύκασος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kewk-. The origin is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Scythian *xrohukäsi (“ice-shining, white with snow”) Compare also Old Armenian Կապկոհ (Kapkoh, “Caucasus”), Middle Persian (Kap-kōf, “Caucasus”). Or possibly from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭥𐭯 (kʿp /kof/, “hill, mountain”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /kaufa/, “mountain”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kǎu̯.ka.sos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkaʍ.ka.sos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkaɸ.ka.sos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkaf.ka.sos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkaf.ka.sos/
Proper noun
Καύκᾰσος • (Kaúkasos) m (genitive Καυκᾰ́σου); second declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ Καύκᾰσος ho Kaúkasos | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ Καυκᾰ́σου toû Kaukásou | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ Καυκᾰ́σῳ tôi Kaukásōi | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν Καύκᾰσον tòn Kaúkason | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | Καύκᾰσε Kaúkase | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- Καυκᾰ́σῐον (Kaukásion)
Descendants
- Greek: Καύκασος (Káfkasos)
- → Arabic: القَوْقَاز (al-qawqāz)
- → Old Armenian: Կովկաս (Kovkas), Կաւկաս (Kawkas)
- Armenian: Կովկաս (Kovkas)
- → Estonian: Kaukaasia
- → Georgian: კავკასია (ḳavḳasia)
- → Hebrew: קווקז (Kavkáz, Qawqáz)
- → Latin: Caucasus (see there for further descendants)
- → Turkish: Kafkasya
References
- “Καύκασος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Καύκασος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,005
Greek
Proper noun
Καύκασος • (Káfkasos)
Inflection
Καύκασος