τύμβος

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tum- (“to swell”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tým.bos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.bos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.bos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtym.bos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtim.bos/

Noun

τύμβος • (túmbos) m (genitive τύμβου); second declension

funeral mound, tomb, grave
- 441 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone‎, section 891:
  ὦ τύμβος, ὦ νυμφεῖον, ὦ κατασκαφὴς οἴκησις ἀείφρουρος
  ô túmbos, ô numpheîon, ô kataskaphḕs oíkēsis aeíphrouros
  ο tomb, o ⁠bridal chamber, o deep-dug home forever guarded

Declension

Second declension of ὁ τῠ́μβος; τοῦ τῠ́μβου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ τῠ́μβος ho túmbos	τὼ τῠ́μβω tṑ túmbō	οἱ τῠ́μβοι hoi túmboi
Genitive	τοῦ τῠ́μβου toû túmbou	τοῖν τῠ́μβοιν toîn túmboin	τῶν τῠ́μβων tôn túmbōn
Dative	τῷ τῠ́μβῳ tôi túmbōi	τοῖν τῠ́μβοιν toîn túmboin	τοῖς τῠ́μβοις toîs túmbois
Accusative	τὸν τῠ́μβον tòn túmbon	τὼ τῠ́μβω tṑ túmbō	τοὺς τῠ́μβους toùs túmbous
Vocative	τῠ́μβε túmbe	τῠ́μβω túmbō	τῠ́μβοι túmboi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀποτύμβιος (apotúmbios)
ἀτύμβευτος (atúmbeutos)
ἄτυμβος (átumbos)
ἐντυμβεύω (entumbeúō)
ἐπιτυμβίδιος (epitumbídios)
ἐπιτύμβιος (epitúmbios)
κατατυμβοχοέω (katatumbokhoéō)
ὀθνιότυμβος (othniótumbos)
περιτύμβιος (peritúmbios)
προτυμβίδιος (protumbídios)
συντυμβωρυχέω (suntumbōrukhéō)
τυμβαύλης (tumbaúlēs)
τυμβεία (tumbeía)
τύμβειος (túmbeios)
τύμβευμα (túmbeuma)
τυμβεύω (tumbeúō)
τυμβήρης (tumbḗrēs)
τυμβίδιος (tumbídios)
τυμβίον (tumbíon)
τύμβιος (túmbios)
τυμβίτης (tumbítēs)
τυμβογέρων (tumbogérōn)
τυμβοποιός (tumbopoiós)
τυμβοσύνη (tumbosúnē)
τυμβοῦχος (tumboûkhos)
τυμβοφάντης (tumbophántēs)
τυμβοχοέω (tumbokhoéō)
τυμβοχόη (tumbokhóē)
τυμβοχόος (tumbokhóos)
τυμβόχωστος (tumbókhōstos)
τυμβόω (tumbóō)
τυμβωρυχέω (tumbōrukhéō)
τυμβωρυχία (tumbōrukhía)
τυμβωρύχος (tumbōrúkhos)

Descendants

→ Greek: τύμβος (týmvos) (learned)
→ Latin: tumba (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

“τύμβος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
τύμβος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
τύμβος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“τύμβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“τύμβος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- barrow idem, page 64.
- grave idem, page 371.
- mound idem, page 543.
- sepulchre idem, page 754.
- tomb idem, page 880.

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