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Uncertain. Vasmer discounts various proposed Mari, Tatar, and Sanskrit etymons as reversing the direction of borrowing or unbelievable. Perhaps cognate with тарата́йка(taratájka, “gig”). Not cognate with таранти́ть(tarantítʹ, “to chatter”).
Он мо́лча отвори́л две́рцу коля́ски и отстегну́л фа́ртук таранта́са
On mólča otvoríl dvércu koljáski i otstegnúl fártuk tarantása
He silently opened the carriage door and unbuttoned the apron of the tarantass.
1938, Иван Бунин, Тёмные аллеи; English translation from Hugh Aplin, transl., Dark Avenues, Oneworld Classics, 2008:
Когда́ ло́шади ста́ли, он вы́кинул из таранта́са но́гу в вое́нном сапоге́ с ро́вным голени́щем и, приде́рживая рука́ми в за́мшевых перча́тках по́лы шине́ли, взбежа́л на крыльцо́ избы́.
Kogdá lóšadi stáli, on výkinul iz tarantása nógu v vojénnom sapogé s róvnym goleníščem i, pridérživaja rukámi v zámševyx perčátkax póly šinéli, vzbežál na krylʹcó izbý.
When the horses came to a halt, he threw a leg in a level-topped military boot out of the tarantass and, holding back the skirts of the greatcoat with suede-gloved hands, ran up onto the porch of the hut.
