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Kabardian

Etymology

From Common Circassian *tħamada. Cognate with Adyghe тхьаматэ (tḥamatɛ). Possibly from Persian داماد (dâmâd, “bridegroom; son-in-law; father-in-law; sovereign's brother-in-law; wooer, lover”), the ending reshaped under the influence of Kabardian адэ (adɛ, “father”). Sometimes explained as тхьэ (tḥɛ, “god”) +‎ адэ (adɛ, “father”), but that is a folk etymology.

Pronunciation

Noun

тхьэмадэ • (tḥɛmadɛ)

  1. foreman (of a village)
  2. boss
  3. master (superior person in status or rank)
  4. chairman
  5. father-in-law
  6. (dialectal) wooer, bridegroom
  7. (dated, possibly archaic) religious leader
  8. (possibly dated) husband

Declension

Declension of тхьэмадэ
case singular plural
indefinite тхьэмадэ (tḥɛmadɛ) тхьэмадэхэ (tḥɛmadɛxɛ)
nominative тхьэмадэр (tḥɛmadɛr) тхьэмадэхэр (tḥɛmadɛxɛr)
ergative тхьэмадэм (tḥɛmadɛm) тхьэмадэхэмэ (tḥɛmadɛxɛmɛ)
instrumental тхьэмадэ(м)кӏэ (tḥɛmadɛ(m)kʼɛ) тхьэмадэхэ(м)кӏэ (tḥɛmadɛxɛ(m)kʼɛ)
invertive тхьэмадэу (tḥɛmadɛwu) тхьэмадэхыу (tḥɛmadɛxəwu)

Synonyms

Descendants

(Taking Kabardian as representative of Common Circassian)

Further reading

  • Abaev, V. I. (1975) “Contribution à l'histoire des mots”, in Mélanges linguistiques offerts à Emile Benveniste (in French), Louvain: Peeters, pages 8–10
  • Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 227
  • Chirikba, Viacheslav A. (1996) A Dictionary of Common Abkhaz‎, Leiden, page 32
  • Карданов Б. М., editor (1957), “тхьэмадэ”, in Кабардинско-русский словарь , Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 349b
  • Шагиров, А. К. (1977) К. В. Ломтатидзе, editor, Этимологический словарь адыгских (черкесских) языков ‎ (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 82–83
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