מכה

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Noun

מַכָּה • (maká) f (plural indefinite מַכּוֹת, singular construct מַכַּת־, plural construct מַכּוֹת־)

1. an attack, an assault, a hit, a wound
   • Tanach, Jeremiah 10:19, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     אוֹי לִי עַל־שִׁבְרִי נַחְלָה מַכָּתִי וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי אַךְ זֶה חֳלִי וְאֶשָּׂאֶנּוּ׃

     oy li 'al shivrí naḥlá makatí va-ani amárti akh zeh ḥolí v-esa'énu

     Woe is me for my hurt! My wound is grievous; But I said: ‘This is but a sickness, And I must bear it.’

   • Tanach, Zechariah 13:6:

     וְאָמַר אֵלָיו מָה הַמַּכּוֹת הָאֵלֶּה בֵּין יָדֶיךָ וְאָמַר אֲשֶׁר הֻכֵּיתִי בֵּית מְאַהֲבָי׃

     v-amár eláv mah ha-makót ha-élleh bein yadékha v-amár ashér hukéiti beit m'ahavái

     And one shall say unto him: ‘What are these wounds between thy hands?’ Then he shall answer: ‘Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends.’

2. (rabbinic) a lash, a stripe (with a whip)
   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Shevu'ot 3:7:

     זוֹ הִיא שְׁבוּעַת בִּטּוּי, שֶׁחַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ מַכּוֹת וְעַל שִׁגְגָתָהּ קָרְבָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד. שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא, חַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ מַכּוֹת וְעַל שִׁגְגָתָהּ פָּטוּר:

     zo hi shvu'át biṭṭúy, she-ḥayyavín 'al zdon-áh makot v-al shig'gat-áh qorbán 'oléh v-yoréd. át shav', ḥayyavín 'al zdon-áh makot v-'al shig'gat-áh paṭur

     This is an utterance-oath, wherein one is liable if intentionally broken for lashes, and if unintentionally a sliding-scale offering. For a vain-oath, one is liable if intentionally broken for lashes, and if unintentionally one is exempt.

1. • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 87b:

     דִּינֵי מַכּוֹת בִּפְלוּגְתָּא דְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְרַבָּנַן דִּתְנַן מַכּוֹת בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָמְרוּ בְּעֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה

     dinéi makót bi-flúgta d-rabbí yishma'él v-rabbanán di-tnán makót bi-shloshá mi-shum rabbí yishma'ĺ amrú b-'esrím u-shloshá

     Judgements involving lashes are in dispute between Rabbi Ishmael and the sages, as taught: "Lashes are judged by three judges. According to Rabbi Ishmael, they said, by twenty-three judges."

2. a plague
   • Tanach, Deuteronomy 28:59, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וְהִפְלָא יְהֹוָה אֶת־מַכֹּתְךָ וְאֵת מַכּוֹת זַרְעֶךָ מַכּוֹת גְּדֹלֹת וְנֶאֱמָנוֹת וׇחֳלָיִם רָעִים וְנֶאֱמָנִים׃

     v-hiflá Adonái et makotkhá v-et makót zar'ékha makót g'dolót v-ne'emanót vo-ḥoláyim ra'ím v-ne'emaním

     then the LORD will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance.

   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Avot 5:4:

     עֶשֶׂר מַכּוֹת הֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַמִּצְרִיִּים בְּמִצְרַיִם וְעֶשֶׂר עַל הַיָּם.

     'éser makót heví ha-qadósh barúkh hu 'al ha-mitsriyím b-mitsráyim v-'éser 'al ha-yam.

     Ten plagues the Holy Blessed One brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt, and ten at the sea.

Verb

מַכֶּה • (maké)

1. masculine singular present of הִכָּה (hiká)
   • Tanach, Exodus 2:11, with translation of the King James Version:

     אִישׁ מִצְרִי מַכֶּה אִישׁ עִבְרִי

     ish mitsrí maké ish ivrí

     an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew

Verb

מַכָּה • (maká)

1. feminine singular present of הִכָּה (hiká)

Verb

מֻכֶּה • (muké)

1. Masculine singular present participle and present tense of הוכה / הֻכָּה (huká)
   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Ketubot 7:10:

1. • וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁכּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא, מֻכֵּה שְׁחִין, וּבַעַל פּוֹלִיפּוֹס, וְהַמְקַמֵּץ, וְהַמְצָרֵף נְחֹשֶׁת, וְהַבֻּרְסִי, בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ בָם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִשְּׂאוּ וּבֵין מִשֶּׁנִּשְּׂאוּ נוֹלָדוּ

     V-élu she-kofín otó l'hotzí, muká sh'chin, u-vá'al pólipos, v-ha-m'kaméts, v-ha-m'tsaréf n'chóshet, v-ha-bursí, ben she-hayú vam ad she-lo nis'ú u-vein mi-she-nis'ú noladó.

     And these are the ones who are forced to divorce: one struck with boils, one who has a polyp, a feces-gatherer, a coppersmith and a tanner, whether they were such before they married or whether arrived after they were married.

References

• H4347 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مَكَّة (makka).

Proper noun

מֶכָּה • (meka) f

1. Mecca (city)

Anagrams

• כמה