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Morphologically from آفیون(afyon, “opium”) + قره(kara, “black”) + حصار(hisar, “fortress, stronghold”). In the medieval times the city was named قره حصار(kara hisar) after the ancient fortress situated upon a volcanic rock above the settlement and subsequently renamed قره حصار صاحب(kara hisar-ı sahib) after the city was conquered by the Persian vizier Sâhib Ata. The origin of the name آفیون(afyon) is unclear: it could derive from the Ancient Greek name for the settlement, Ἀκροϊνόν(Akroïnón), through deformation.
Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Afyonkarahisar”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 10
