اسفناج

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Persian

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Alternative forms

Etymology

Kulturwort of Iranian origin. According to Asatrian, there were probably two forms in late Middle Iranian, *ispanāg (or *ispināg) and (the dialectal) *ispanāx (or *ispināx), yielding Arabized forms إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج (ʔisfanāj / ʔisfināj) and إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ / ʔisfināḵ), which were popularized in Persian and Arabic, respectively (alternative forms with پ (p) are directly from Middle Iranian). The Old Iranian form would be *spināka-, *spinaka- (compare Northern Kurdish sping), from the root *spin- (Northwestern Iranian), *sin- (Southwestern Iranian), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian *spai- (*spi-), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”) (*spi-), which are also reflected in Latin spina, Persian سنجد (senjed), Ossetian сындз (synʒ), синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”), Baluchi (šinž), Central Iranian šeng, Kermani šank (“thorn”). Also akin to Semnani esbenāγa.

According to Cabolov, related to Northern Kurdish siping (“meadow salsify, possibly also spinach”) and Persian سپند (sepand, “wild rue”).

اسفناج

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? isfināj
Dari reading? isfināj
Iranian reading? esfenâj
Tajik reading? isfinoj

Noun

اسفناج • (esfanâj, esfenâj) (plural اسفناج‌ها (esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))

  1. spinach
    Synonym: شومین (šumin, šomin)
    • 1258, Rumi, Masnavi, First Book:
      من سپاناخ تو با هرچم پزی
      یا ترش‌با یا که شیرین می‌سزی
      man sipānāx tō bā harčam pazī
      yā turš-bā yā ka šīrīn mī-sazī
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

Most are directly from Middle Iranian

References

  • Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “اسفناج”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  • Asatrian, Garnik (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, pages 43–45
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “اسپناج”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
  • Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 126, page 11
  • Cabolov, R. L. (2010) “siping”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 263
  • Redhouse, J. W. (1884) “spinach”, in A Lexicon, English and Turkish, 3rd edition, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 703
  • Redhouse, J. W., Wells, Charles (1880) “spinach”, in Redhouse's Turkish Dictionary, in Two Parts, English and Turkish, and Turkish and English, 2nd edition, London: Bernard Quartch, 15 Piccadilly, page 306
  • Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 201–202
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