ج م ر

See explanations of جَامُور (jāmūr): This term for “heart of palm” borrowed from Aramaic, where senses of “completion, perfection, fulfilment” seemingly original to ideas of heat being collected are attested, but this must have happened already in the Proto-West Semitic past, where this present root was augmented from ج م م (j-m-m).

Neo-Assyrian 𒄖𒈠𒊒 (gu-ma-ru /⁠gumāru⁠/, “charcoal, ember (?)”) is an Aramaic loanword, but the same is not plausible for Arabic جَمْر (jamr, “live coals”) or the Arabic root in general, though CAD wants to separate the word for coal as being borrowed by both Arabic and Aramaic and apparently even Akkadian independently of each other, which is falsified by semantic development expanded upon here.

ج م ر • (j-m-r)

1. related to a focal point

• Form I: جَمَرَ (jamara, “to be covered by heat, to convene into a focal point”)
  • Verbal noun: جَمِير (jamīr)
  • Active participle: جَامِر (jāmir)
• Form II: جَمَّرَ (jammara, “to collect together; to cense, to fumigate; to roast”)
  • Verbal noun: تَجْمِير (tajmīr)
  • Active participle: مُجَمِّر (mujammir)
  • Passive participle: مُجَمَّر (mujammar)
• Form IV: أَجْمَرَ (ʔajmara, “to collect together the common mass”)
  • Verbal noun: إِجْمَار (ʔijmār)
  • Active participle: مُجْمِر (mujmir)
• Form V: تَجَمَّرَ (tajammara, “to be collected together; to be enkindled”)
  • Verbal noun: تَجَمُّر (tajammur)
  • Active participle: مُتَجَمِّر (mutajammir)
• Form VIII: اِجْتَمَرَ (ijtamara, “to smoke, to fumigate”)
  • Verbal noun: اِجْتِمَار (ijtimār)
  • Active participle: مُجْتَمِر (mujtamir)
  • Passive participle: مُجْتَمَر (mujtamar)
• Form X: اِسْتَجْمَرَ (istajmara)
  • Verbal noun: اِسْتِجْمَار (istijmār)
  • Active participle: مُسْتَجْمِر (mustajmir)
  • Passive participle: مُسْتَجْمَر (mustajmar)

• جَمْر (jamr, “live coal”)
  • * مِجْمَر (mijmar) and مِجْمَرَة (mijmara, “brazier”)
• جُمَّار (jummār), جُمَّارَة (jummāra, “heart of palm”); جَامُور (jāmūr, “heart of palm; a quadrangular piece of wood at the mast of a ship; spire”)
• جَمِيرَة (jamīra, “plait of hair”)

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ج م ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 212–213
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ج م ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 303
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ج م ر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 324–325
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ج م ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 452–454
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ج م ر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 244
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “ج م ر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎ (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 454–455
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ج م ر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 196
• “gmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “gmr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “gmr³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “gumāru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 5, G, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956, page 133