كاشم

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Arabic

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Etymology

The pattern فَاعَل (fāʕal), which is further expounded at عَالَم (ʕālam), especially in variation with فَاعِل (fāʕil), makes the term liable to being deemed a borrowing from Aramaic. So probably a metathesis of the active participle of כמש / ܟܡܫ (kmaš, “to be wrinkled”), which else derives ܟܡܫܐ (kamšā, “grape”), ܟܡܫܘܢܐ (kamšōnē, “the dried skins of grapes, raisins”). The sequence مِش (miš) in unattested intermediate *كَامِش (*kāmiš) was probably unacceptable in Arabic.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kaː.ʃim/, /kaː.ʃam/

Noun

كَاشِم or كَاشَم • (kāšim or kāšam) m

  1. mountain stone-parsley (Seseli libanotis)
    Synonyms: أَنْجُدَان رُومِيّ (ʔanjudān rūmiyy), كَرَفْس جَبَلِيّ (karafs jabaliyy)
  2. lovage (Levisticum officinale)
    Synonym: زَوْفَرَا (zawfarā)
  3. officinal hartwort, Tordylium officinale, or Syrian hartwort, Tordylium syriacum

Usage notes

The plants referred to by this word are confusable and practically indistinguishable for premodern people.

Declension

Declension of noun كَاشِم (kāšim)‎; كَاشَم (kāšam)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كَاشِم‎; كَاشَم
kāšim‎; kāšam 		الْكَاشِم‎; الْكَاشَم
al-kāšim‎; al-kāšam 		كَاشِم‎; كَاشَم
kāšim‎; kāšam
Nominative كَاشِمٌ‎; كَاشَمٌ
kāšimun‎; kāšamun 		الْكَاشِمُ‎; الْكَاشَمُ
al-kāšimu‎; al-kāšamu 		كَاشِمُ‎; كَاشَمُ
kāšimu‎; kāšamu
Accusative كَاشِمًا‎; كَاشَمًا
kāšiman‎; kāšaman 		الْكَاشِمَ‎; الْكَاشَمَ
al-kāšima‎; al-kāšama 		كَاشِمَ‎; كَاشَمَ
kāšima‎; kāšama
Genitive كَاشِمٍ‎; كَاشَمٍ
kāšimin‎; kāšamin 		الْكَاشِمِ‎; الْكَاشَمِ
al-kāšimi‎; al-kāšami 		كَاشِمِ‎; كَاشَمِ
kāšimi‎; kāšami

References

  • “kmš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاشم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 39
  • Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 470–473
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