ورس

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See also: ورش

Arabic

ورس

Etymology

Cognate to Classical Syriac ܘܐܪܫܐ (wʾršʾ), ܘܪܘܫ (wrwš), ܘܪܝܫܐ (wryšʾ), ܘܪܫܐ (wršʾ), which shows by its initial /w/, as this in inherited Northwest Semitic words becomes /j/, that it is a foreign word. The varying vocalization of the Arabic may indicate an Iranian borrowing akin to Persian وش (vaš, flax or boll thereof; uncleaned cotton; a kind of rich satin or other textile), Old Armenian վուշ (vuš, flax; tows thereof), as /a/ regularly switches to /u/ after initial labial during the transition from Middle Persian to Persian in most of its regiolects.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /wars/, /wa.ras/, /wurs/, /wu.rus/

Noun

وَرْس or وَرَس or وُرْس or وُرُس (wars or waras or wurs or wurusm

  1. Flemingia macrophylla syns. Flemingia rhodocarpa, Flemingia grahamiana, a perennial shrub native to Yemen cultivated because the red glands of it secrete a yellow powder used as a pigment and medicinally, but also for a red pigment from the ground hairs of the red fruits, as well as for medicinal purposes
    Synonym: غُمْرَة (ḡumra)
    • 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي, edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم, Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:
      الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق
      Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.
      commented in Seidel, Ernst (1915) “Die Medizin im Kitâb Mafâtîḥ al ʿUlûm”, in Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen (in German), volume 47, page 37 Anm. 89

Declension

Verb

وَرَّسَ (warrasa) II (non-past يُوَرِّسُ (yuwarrisu), verbal noun تَوْرِيس (tawrīs))

  1. to dye with Flemingia macrophylla

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • وَرِيس (warīs, garment dyed with wars)
  • وَرَّسَ (warrasa, to dye with wars)
  • أَوْرَسَ (ʔawrasa, to put forth wars)

Descendants

  • Harari: ወርሲ (wärsi)
  • Somali: waris

References

  • wrwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 186
  • Freytag, Georg (1837) “ورس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 455b
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ورس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1519b
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “ورس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2936b–2937a
  • Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 26–27
  • Schönig, Hanne (2002) Schminken, Düfte und Räucherwerk der Jemenitinnen: Lexikon der Substanzen, Utensilien und Techniken (Beiruter Texte und Studien; 91)‎, Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 297–308