An Old Indo-Aryan continuation of *ruẓḍʰá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”).
The retraction of the sibilant in *ruẓḍʰá was triggered by the application of the RUKI sound law to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás in the Old Indo-Aryan stage. This was a dialectal form with a development parallel to the expected sound change which would have yielded *ruddʰá. For a similar Indo-Aryan development, see Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā).
रूढ • (rūḍhá) stem
Masculine a-stem declension of रूढ (rūḍhá) | |||
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Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | रूढः rūḍháḥ |
रूढौ / रूढा¹ rūḍhaú / rūḍhā́¹ |
रूढाः / रूढासः¹ rūḍhā́ḥ / rūḍhā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | रूढ rū́ḍha |
रूढौ / रूढा¹ rū́ḍhau / rū́ḍhā¹ |
रूढाः / रूढासः¹ rū́ḍhāḥ / rū́ḍhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | रूढम् rūḍhám |
रूढौ / रूढा¹ rūḍhaú / rūḍhā́¹ |
रूढान् rūḍhā́n |
Instrumental | रूढेन rūḍhéna |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढैः / रूढेभिः¹ rūḍhaíḥ / rūḍhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | रूढाय rūḍhā́ya |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | रूढात् rūḍhā́t |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | रूढस्य rūḍhásya |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढानाम् rūḍhā́nām |
Locative | रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढेषु rūḍhéṣu |
Notes |
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Feminine ā-stem declension of रूढा (rūḍhā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | रूढा rūḍhā́ |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढाः rūḍhā́ḥ |
Vocative | रूढे rū́ḍhe |
रूढे rū́ḍhe |
रूढाः rū́ḍhāḥ |
Accusative | रूढाम् rūḍhā́m |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढाः rūḍhā́ḥ |
Instrumental | रूढया / रूढा¹ rūḍháyā / rūḍhā́¹ |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढाभिः rūḍhā́bhiḥ |
Dative | रूढायै rūḍhā́yai |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढाभ्यः rūḍhā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | रूढायाः / रूढायै² rūḍhā́yāḥ / rūḍhā́yai² |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढाभ्यः rūḍhā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | रूढायाः / रूढायै² rūḍhā́yāḥ / rūḍhā́yai² |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढानाम् rūḍhā́nām |
Locative | रूढायाम् rūḍhā́yām |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढासु rūḍhā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of रूढ (rūḍhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | रूढम् rūḍhám |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढानि / रूढा¹ rūḍhā́ni / rūḍhā́¹ |
Vocative | रूढ rū́ḍha |
रूढे rū́ḍhe |
रूढानि / रूढा¹ rū́ḍhāni / rū́ḍhā¹ |
Accusative | रूढम् rūḍhám |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढानि / रूढा¹ rūḍhā́ni / rūḍhā́¹ |
Instrumental | रूढेन rūḍhéna |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढैः / रूढेभिः¹ rūḍhaíḥ / rūḍhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | रूढाय rūḍhā́ya |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | रूढात् rūḍhā́t |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | रूढस्य rūḍhásya |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढानाम् rūḍhā́nām |
Locative | रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढेषु rūḍhéṣu |
Notes |
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