ხე

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Georgian

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Etymology

From Old Georgian ხე (xe); see below for more.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Hyphenation: ხე
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

ხე • (xe) (plural ხეები)

  1. tree
  2. (computing) tree

Inflection

Declension of ხე (see Georgian declension)
singular plural archaic plural
nominative ხე (xe) ხეები (xeebi) ხენი (xeni)
ergative ხემ (xem) ხეებმა (xeebma) ხეთ(ა) (xet(a))
dative ხეს(ა) (xes(a)) ხეებს(ა) (xeebs(a)) ხეთ(ა) (xet(a))
genitive ხის(ა) (xis(a)) ხეების(ა) (xeebis(a)) ხეთ(ა) (xet(a))
instrumental ხით(ა) (xit(a)) ხეებით(ა) (xeebit(a))
adverbial ხედ(ა) (xed(a)) ხეებად(ა) (xeebad(a))
vocative ხევ (xev) ხეებო (xeebo) ხენო (xeno)
Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.
Postpositional inflection of ხე (see Georgian postpositions)
postpositions taking the dative case singular plural
-ზე (-ze, “on”) ხეზე (xeze) ხეებზე (xeebze)
-თან (-tan, “near”) ხესთან (xestan) ხეებთან (xeebtan)
-ში (-ši, “in”) ხეში (xeši) ხეებში (xeebši)
-ვით (-vit, “like”) ხესავით (xesavit) ხეებივით (xeebivit)
postpositions taking the genitive case singular plural
-თვის (-tvis, “for”) ხისთვის (xistvis) ხეებისთვის (xeebistvis)
-ებრ (-ebr, “like”) ხისებრ (xisebr) ხეებისებრ (xeebisebr)
-კენ (-ḳen, “towards”) ხისკენ (xisḳen) ხეებისკენ (xeebisḳen)
-გან (-gan, “from/of”) ხისგან (xisgan) ხეებისგან (xeebisgan)
-ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”) ხისადმი (xisadmi) ხეებისადმი (xeebisadmi)
postpositions taking the instrumental case singular plural
-დან (-dan, “from/since”) ხიდან (xidan) ხეებიდან (xeebidan)
-ურთ (-urt, “together with”) ხითურთ (xiturt) ხეებითურთ (xeebiturt)
postpositions taking the adverbial case singular plural
-მდე (-mde, “up to”) ხემდე (xemde) ხეებამდე (xeebamde)

Derived terms

Laz

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *qe(l)-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xɛ/
  • Hyphenation: ხე

Noun

ხე • (xe) (plural ხეფე, Latin spelling xe) (Vizha, Artasheni, Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa–Batumi, Chkhala)

  1. (upper extremity, upper limb); hand and/or arm
    Synonyms: ხანჭალი (xanç̌ali), კლავი (ǩlavi) — arm
    ხე ობონუ შენი ბერეს წკარი გელობამს
    xe obonu şeni beres ǯǩari gelobams
    S/he pours water on the child's hand to wash her/his hands
    პაპულის ლუმჯიშა მუსაჶი ხეზ ელოქაჩუნ
    p̌ap̌ulis lumcişa musafi xez elokaçun
    The Qur'an is under my grandfather's arm(limb) until the evening
    ფორჩაში შლოპერი ხე წკარითე ნუნახუმს
    porçaşi şlop̌eri xe ǯǩarite nunaxums
    She washes the soiled sleeve(arm) of the shirt with water

Declension

.Georgian.inflection-table tr:hover
{
	background-color:#EBEBEB;
}
Declension of ხე (xe) (see Laz declension)
singular plural
absolutive ხე (xe) ხეფე (xepe)
ergative ხექ (xek) ხეფექ (xepek)
dative ხეს (xes) ხეფეს (xepes)
genitive ხეშ(ი) (xeş(i)) ხეფეშ(ი) (xepeş(i))
directive ხეშე (xeşe) ხეფეშე (xepeşe)
ablative ხეშენ (xeşen) ხეფეშენ (xepeşen)
locative ხეს (xes) ხეფეს (xepes)
instrumental ხეთენ (xeten) ხეფეთენ (xepeten)
Notes: dialects may differ on declension.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Adjarian, H. (1898) “Étude sur la langue laze”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume X, page 396
  • Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 887
  • Klaproth, Julius (1823) Asia polyglotta, Paris: A. Schubart, page 123: “Ke, cheb”
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “xe”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ (in Turkish)
  • Marr, N. (1910) “ხე”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Chan (Laz) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 230a
  • Tandilava, Ali (2013) “ხე”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni [Laz Dictionary]‎, online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi

Mingrelian

Etymology

From Proto-Georgian-Zan *qe(l)-.

Noun

ხე • (xe) (plural ხელეფი)

  1. hand

Further reading

  • Kajaia, Otar (2005) “ხე”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 1954
  • Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “ხე”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7)‎ (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 400a
  • Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 887
  • Kobalia, Alio (2010) “ხე”, in Merab Čuxua, Nona Kobalia, Nana Kobalia, editors, Megruli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian Dictionary] (Ḳolxuri seria; 7)‎, online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN
  • Pipia, Daniel (2008) “ხე”, in Tamaz Pipia, Givi Boǯgua, editors, Megruli saleksiḳono masalebi [Megrelian dictionary materials] (Ḳolxuri seria; 3)‎, online version prepared by Manana Buḳia, Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN

Old Georgian

Etymology

A Nakh borrowing, compare Proto-Nakh *xеᶰ. Borrowed сlearly after the 5th century. The word displaced native ძელი (ʒeli) in the sense "tree".

Noun

ხე • (xe)

  1. tree

Descendants

  • Georgian: ხე (xe)

References

  • Abulaʒe, Ilia (1973) “ხე”, in Ʒveli kartuli enis leksiḳoni (masalebi) [Dictionary of Old Georgian (Materials)]‎ (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 561
  • Fähnrich, Heinz (2022) Der Erbwortschatz der nachischen Sprachen im Kaukasus [The inherited vocabulary of Nakh languages in the Caucasus] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 9
  • Klimov, G. A., Xalilov, M. Š. (2003) Словарь кавказских языков. Сопоставление основной лексики [Dictionary of Caucasian Languages. A comparison of the Basic Vocabulary] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, →ISBN, pages 212–213
  • Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “ხე”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 466
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