ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ다

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Middle Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • (Morphophonemic) IPA(key): ⫽mʌ̀jŋkʌ́ltá⫽

Verb

ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (mòyngkóltá) (infinitive ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞ〮라〮 (mòyngkólá), sequential ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞ〮니〮 (mòyngkóní))

  1. to make, to create
    Synonym: ᄆᆞᆫᄃᆞᆯ다 (montolta)
    • 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본:
      새〮로〮 스〮믈〮여듧〮 (ᄌᆞ)ᄅᆞᆯ〮 ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞ〮노니〮
      sáy-lwó súmúlyètúlp CO-lól mòyngkónwòní
      I have newly created twenty-eight letters
    • 1447, 釋譜詳節 / 석보상절 , page 11:13a:
      ()()(와ᇰ)이〮 ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞ〮론〮 ()(샤ᇰ)ᄋᆞᆯ〮 (샤ᇰ)애〮 싣〯ᄌᆞᄫᅡ〮 가〮더니〮
      WU.TYEN.WANG-í mòyngkólwón KUM.SYANG-ól SYANG-áy sǐtcòWá kátèní
      move the golden Buddha statue made by King Udayana on an elephant

Usage notes

This verb was used together with 지ᇫ〯다〮 (cĭztá), of similar meaning. The two were not wholly synonymous:

  • ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (mòyngkóltá) was preferred or obligatory for physical objects (e.g. to make a statue, to make an implement); for laws or institutions; and for making someone adopt a new social position (e.g. to make one a slave).
  • 지ᇫ〯다〮 (cĭztá) was preferred or obligatory for taking on a certain expression or mood (e.g. to make a certain face); for religious concepts (e.g. to commit sin, to win merit); for human relationships (e.g. to forge a friendship, to form a crowd); and for certain idiomatic objects.
  • Both were used for buildings, clothes, food, and written works, although ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (mòyngkóltá) may have had a somewhat wider scope.

It has been proposed that ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (mòyngkóltá) had a connotation of creation via active human effort and that 지ᇫ〯다〮 (cĭztá) had a connotation of natural emergence, although this remains disputed.

Descendants

  • Jeju: 멩글다 (menggeulda)
  • Korean: 맹글다 (maenggeulda) (dialectal)

References

  • 홍사만 (Hong Sa-man) (2001) “중세 근대국어 어휘의미 연구(8) — '짓다', 'ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ다'의 의미분석 — ”, in Eoneo gwahak yeon'gu, volume 19, pages 339—374