ἐξεῖπον

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

ἐξ- (ex-) +‎ εἶπον (eîpon)

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἐξεῖπον • (exeîpon)

  1. to speak out
  2. to declare

Usage notes

In Homer the future is supplied by ἐξερέω, as with εἶπον/ἐρέω, and it is the future tense that is most frequently used, because the word comes up when speaker is introducing and emphasizing what they are about to say. The word is used in Homer (sometimes with tmesis, Iliad 2.257) in a certain set phrase or variations of it. As an example of the version most frequently repeated verbatim, Iliad 1.212 has an invisible Athena making a secret promise to Achilles:

ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·
For this I declare, and it shall be accomplished:

From the context of this and other usages (e.g., Iliad 2.257), this Homeric phrase does not connote what English "speaking out" does: a brave and open declaration of a vulnerable person, who risks consequences of their words. Rather, εξ- suggests that once the words are "out there," they cannot be taken back, so the speaker is committed to what they have said.

Conjugation

   Aorist: ἐξεῖπον, ἐξειπόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐξεῖπον ἐξεῖπες ἐξεῖπε(ν) ἐξείπετον ἐξειπέτην ἐξείπομεν ἐξείπετε ἐξεῖπον
subjunctive ἐξείπω ἐξείπῃς ἐξείπῃ ἐξείπητον ἐξείπητον ἐξείπωμεν ἐξείπητε ἐξείπωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐξείποιμῐ ἐξείποις ἐξείποι ἐξείποιτον ἐξειποίτην ἐξείποιμεν ἐξείποιτε ἐξείποιεν
imperative   ἔξειπε ἐξειπέτω ἐξείπετον ἐξειπέτων   ἐξείπετε ἐξειπόντων
middle indicative ἐξειπόμην ἐξείπου ἐξείπετο ἐξείπεσθον ἐξειπέσθην ἐξειπόμεθᾰ ἐξείπεσθε ἐξείποντο
subjunctive ἐξείπωμαι ἐξείπῃ ἐξείπηται ἐξείπησθον ἐξείπησθον ἐξειπώμεθᾰ ἐξείπησθε ἐξείπωνται
optative ἐξειποίμην ἐξείποιο ἐξείποιτο ἐξείποισθον ἐξειποίσθην ἐξειποίμεθᾰ ἐξείποισθε ἐξείποιντο
imperative   ἐξειποῦ ἐξειπέσθω ἐξείπεσθον ἐξειπέσθων   ἐξείπεσθε ἐξειπέσθων
active middle
infinitive ἐξειπεῖν ἐξειπέσθαι
participle m ἐξειπών ἐξειπόμενος
f ἐξειποῦσᾰ ἐξειπομένη
n ἐξειπόν ἐξειπόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐξερέω, ἐξερέομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐξερέω ἐξερέεις ἐξερέει ἐξερέετον ἐξερέετον ἐξερέομεν ἐξερέετε ἐξερέουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐξερέοιμῐ ἐξερέοις ἐξερέοι ἐξερέοιτον ἐξερεοίτην ἐξερέοιμεν ἐξερέοιτε ἐξερέοιεν
middle indicative ἐξερέομαι ἐξερέῃ,
ἐξερέει 		ἐξερέεται ἐξερέεσθον ἐξερέεσθον ἐξερεόμεθᾰ ἐξερέεσθε ἐξερέονται
optative ἐξερεοίμην ἐξερέοιο ἐξερέοιτο ἐξερέοισθον ἐξερεοίσθην ἐξερεοίμεθᾰ ἐξερέοισθε ἐξερέοιντο
active middle
infinitive ἐξερέειν ἐξερέεσθαι
participle m ἐξερέων ἐξερεόμενος
f ἐξερέουσᾰ ἐξερεομένη
n ἐξερέον ἐξερεόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐξερῶ, ἐξεροῦμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐξερῶ ἐξερεῖς ἐξερεῖ ἐξερεῖτον ἐξερεῖτον ἐξεροῦμεν ἐξερεῖτε ἐξεροῦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐξεροίην,
ἐξεροῖμῐ 		ἐξεροίης,
ἐξεροῖς 		ἐξεροίη,
ἐξεροῖ 		ἐξεροῖτον,
ἐξεροίητον 		ἐξεροίτην,
ἐξεροιήτην 		ἐξεροῖμεν,
ἐξεροίημεν 		ἐξεροῖτε,
ἐξεροίητε 		ἐξεροῖεν,
ἐξεροίησᾰν
middle indicative ἐξεροῦμαι ἐξερῇ ἐξερεῖται ἐξερεῖσθον ἐξερεῖσθον ἐξερούμεθᾰ ἐξερεῖσθε ἐξεροῦνται
optative ἐξεροίμην ἐξεροῖο ἐξεροῖτο ἐξεροῖσθον ἐξεροίσθην ἐξεροίμεθᾰ ἐξεροῖσθε ἐξεροῖντο
active middle
infinitive ἐξερεῖν ἐξερεῖσθαι
participle m ἐξερῶν ἐξερούμενος
f ἐξεροῦσᾰ ἐξερουμένη
n ἐξεροῦν ἐξερούμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

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