There is no certain etymology.
Since a consonant must have been lost before the initial ῥ- (rh-), a pre-form *ϝρᾱ́χ-ιω (*wrā́kh-iō) (compare ῥαχία (rhakhía, “flood tide; roar of the breakers”)) can perhaps be identified with Proto-Slavic *raziti (“to smite, pound”), and derive from a Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to strike, pound”). The Slavic word, however, has also been connected with *rězati (“to cut, slice”), which is related to ῥήγνῡμι (rhḗgnūmi, “to break”); these forms derive instead from a different, albeit superficially similar, root *wreh₁ǵ-.
The semantically attractive connection with ἀράσσω (arássō, “to smite, dash”) would require a pre-form *warakʰ-, but for ἀράσσω (arássō), there is no indication for ϝ- (w-).[1]
ῥᾱ́σσω • (rhā́ssō)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾱ́ξω | ῥᾱ́ξεις | ῥᾱ́ξει | ῥᾱ́ξετον | ῥᾱ́ξετον | ῥᾱ́ξομεν | ῥᾱ́ξετε | ῥᾱ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾱ́ξοιμῐ | ῥᾱ́ξοις | ῥᾱ́ξοι | ῥᾱ́ξοιτον | ῥᾱξοίτην | ῥᾱ́ξοιμεν | ῥᾱ́ξοιτε | ῥᾱ́ξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾱ́ξομαι | ῥᾱ́ξῃ, ῥᾱ́ξει |
ῥᾱ́ξεται | ῥᾱ́ξεσθον | ῥᾱ́ξεσθον | ῥᾱξόμεθᾰ | ῥᾱ́ξεσθε | ῥᾱ́ξονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾱξοίμην | ῥᾱ́ξοιο | ῥᾱ́ξοιτο | ῥᾱ́ξοισθον | ῥᾱξοίσθην | ῥᾱξοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾱ́ξοισθε | ῥᾱ́ξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ῥᾱχθήσομαι | ῥᾱχθήσῃ | ῥᾱχθήσεται | ῥᾱχθήσεσθον | ῥᾱχθήσεσθον | ῥᾱχθησόμεθᾰ | ῥᾱχθήσεσθε | ῥᾱχθήσονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾱχθησοίμην | ῥᾱχθήσοιο | ῥᾱχθήσοιτο | ῥᾱχθήσοισθον | ῥᾱχθησοίσθην | ῥᾱχθησοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾱχθήσοισθε | ῥᾱχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾱ́ξειν | ῥᾱ́ξεσθαι | ῥᾱχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾱ́ξων | ῥᾱξόμενος | ῥᾱχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ῥᾱ́ξουσᾰ | ῥᾱξομένη | ῥᾱχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ῥᾶξον | ῥᾱξόμενον | ῥᾱχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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