アイヌ

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See also: アィヌ

Ainu

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Wikipedia
アイヌ (ainu): three people in traditional Ainu costume, at the Ainu Museum in Shiraoi, Hokkaido.

Alternative forms

Etymology

Proto-Ainu *aynu HL (< *a(n)=inu ?) (“person”, “man (in general)”).

Proto-Ainu *aynu HL (“person”).

Attested as early as 1822 as "Aïno-Moxori" as part of アイヌモシㇼ, transcribed as "Aino moxori" or "Aino mosir" as the name of Hokkaido, meaning "land of the Aino ".

Noun

アイヌ (Latin spelling aynu)

  1. (Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Kuril, South Kuril) person, human being
  2. (Hokkaido, Sakhalin) (more specifically) Ainu person; the Ainu people
  3. (Hokkaido, Sakhalin) man (adult male)
  4. comrade
  5. (with possessives) father, husband
    コロ アイヌ
    ku=koro ainu
    my father

Usage notes

This spelling is more common than アィヌ.

The Ainu pronunciation of this term has only two morae, so academic materials may spell this term in kana with the small , or in romaji with a y, to explicitly indicate that the initial vowel is the single-mora diphthong ay (/ai̯/), and not the two-mora diphthong a i (/a.i/).

However, there is no three-mora term a i nu in the Ainu language, and most Ainu texts written in katakana use this spelling instead.

In traditional Ainu society, lazy people were known as ウェンペ.

Pronunciation

dialect table: person (1960)
area pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲) 'áynu
Oshamambe (長万部) 'áynu
Horobetsu (幌別) 'áynu
Hiratori (平取) 'áynu
Nukkibetsu (貫気別) 'áynu
Niikappu (新冠) 'áynu
Samani (様似) 'áynu
Obihiro (帯広) 'áynu
Kushiro (釧路) 'áynu
Bihoro (美幌) 'áynu
Asahikawa (旭川) 'áynu
Nayoro (名寄) 'áynu
Soya (宗谷) 'áynu
Ochiho (落帆) 'áynu
Tarantomari (多蘭泊) 'áynu
Maoka (真岡) 'áynu
Shiraura (白浦) 'áynu
Raichishka (ライチシカ) 'áynu
Nairo (内路) 'áynu

Synonyms

  • ウタリ (senses for "comrade, fellow" and "Ainu people")
Ainu dialectal forms of アイヌ (person )
view map; edit data
GroupRegionLocationWords
Hokkaido AinuSouthern/CentralBiratoriアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Horobetsuアイヌ ('áynu((HC))), ウタㇻ ('utár 《人々》((H)))
Niikappuアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Nukkibetsuアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Oshamambeアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Samaniアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Saruアイヌ (áynu), クㇽ (kur 《…ひと》), ウタㇻ ('utár 《人々》((H))), アイヌピト (aynupito((C3)))
Yakumoアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
NorthernAsahikawaアイヌ ('áynu((HC))), アイヌウタㇻ ('áynu 'utár 《はらから》((H)))
Nayoroアイヌ ('áynu((HC))), ウタㇻ ('utár 《人々》((H)))
Soyaアイヌ ('áynu((HC))), トノ (tonó《上の人》((H)))
EasternBihoroアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Kushiroアイヌ ('áynu((HC))), ピト (pito《人》), ピトウタリ (pito-utari《人たち》((K2021)))
Nemuroシサㇺ (sisam(人|)((F2016)))
Obihiroアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Sakhalin AinuWest CoastMaokaアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Raichishkaアイヌ ('áynu((HC))), エンチウ ('enciw), トノウタㇵ (tono 'utah《偉い人》((H)))
Tarantomariアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
East CoastNairoアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Ochihoアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Shirauraアイヌ ('áynu((HC)))
Kuril AinuNorthernShumshuアイノ (aino (118)), クル (kuru (120)), グル (guru (123)((H)))
SouthernSouth Kurilアイヌ (aynu(人間)((BS)))
This table shows various dialectal forms in Ainu languages. The classification into Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kuril groups is based on geographical distribution.
((CW)): 知里真志保・和田文治郎(1943)「樺太アイヌ語に於ける人体関係名彙」『樺太庁博物館報告』5(1): 39-80
((C1)): 知里真志保(1953)『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第1巻 (植物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((C3)): 知里真志保(1954)『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第3巻 (人間篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((HC)): 服部四郎・知里真志保(1960)「アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究」『民族學研究』24(4): 307-342,日本文化人類学会
((C2)): 知里真志保(1962)『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第2巻 (動物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((H)): 服部四郎 編(1964)『アイヌ語方言辞典』岩波書店
((V)): Alexander Vovin (1993) A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu. Leiden: E.J. Brill

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: アイヌ
  • Russian: айн (ajn), а́йну (ájnu)
  • Ukrainian: айн (ajn), а́йну (ájnu)

References

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander V. (1993) Leiden: E.J. Brill, editors, A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu.
  2. ^ 服部四郎・知里真志保 (Shirō Hattori & Mashiho Chiri) (1960) 『アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究』「民族學研究」 (Ainu Go Shohōgen No Kiso Goi Tōkeigaku Teki Kenkyū, A Lexicostatistic Study on the Ainu Dialects) (in Japanese), Japan: 日本文化人類学会 (Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology)
  3. ^ Antedatings of Japanese Loanwords in the OED2, pg. 143, Isamu Hayakawa
  4. ^ Universal Geography, or a Description of All the Parts of the World, Book XLI, p. 508, by M. Malte-Brun, 1822: "The Jesuit Father Des Anges even saw this strait, described its terrible currents, and learned that the land beyond it, the island of Seghalien, was named Aïno-Moxori. This name signifies the isle of the Aïnos"
  5. ^ 服部四郎・知里真志保 (Shirō Hattori & Mashiho Chiri) (1960) 『アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究』「民族學研究」 (Ainu Go Shohōgen No Kiso Goi Tōkeigaku Teki Kenkyū, A Lexicostatistic Study on the Ainu Dialects) (in Japanese), Japan: 日本文化人類学会 (Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology)

Further reading

  • John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language), Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.
  • 中級アイヌ語―美幌― (Chūkyū Ainu-go - Bihoro, Intermediate Ainu: Bihoro) (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture), 2011
  • 中級アイヌ語―千歳― (Chūkyū Ainu-go - Chitose, Intermediate Ainu: Chitose) (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture), 2011
  • 単語リスト(アイヌ語・日本語)―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River) (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture), 2014 (Hokkaido)
  • 単語リスト(アイヌ語・日本語)―カラフト― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Karafuto River, Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Karafuto River) (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture), 2014 (Sakhalin)
  • DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について(第1部) (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)) (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)
  • Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811), Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)
  • Hudson, Mark J. (1999) Ruins of identity: ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands, University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
アイヌ (ainu): three people in traditional Ainu costume, at the Ainu Museum in Shiraoi, Hokkaido.

Etymology

Borrowed from Ainu アイヌ (aynu, person, human being).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Map of Ainu Language: Person

アイヌ (Ainu

  1. Ainu

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ アイヌ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN