増える

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
増
ふ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
增える (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From the Classical Japanese verb 増ゆ (fuyu).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "増える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		増える ふえ​る
Imperative (命令形) 増えろ ふえ​ろ
Key constructions
Passive 増えられる ふえられ​る
Causative 増えさせる ふえさせ​る
Potential - - -
Volitional 増えよう ふえよ​ー
Negative 増えない ふえ​ない
Negative perfective 増えなかった ふえ​なかった
Formal 増えます ふえま​す
Perfective 増えた ふ​えた
Conjunctive 増えて ふ​えて
Hypothetical conditional 増えれば ふえ​れば

Verb

増(ふ)える • (fueru) intransitive ichidan (stem 増(ふ)え (fue), past 増(ふ)えた (fueta))

Japanese verb pair
active 増やす
mediopassive 増える
  1. to increase (in numbers, quantity, or volume)
    Antonym: 減る (heru)
  2. 殖える: to increase, especially money or living organisms

Conjugation

Conjugation of "増える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 増え ふえ fue
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 増え ふえ fue
Shūshikei ("terminal") 増える ふえる fueru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 増える ふえる fueru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 増えれ ふえれ fuere
Meireikei ("imperative") 増えよ¹
増えろ² 		ふえよ¹
ふえろ² 		fueyo¹
fuero²
Key constructions
Passive 増えられる ふえられる fuerareru
Causative 増えさせる
増えさす 		ふえさせる
ふえさす 		fuesaseru
fuesasu
Potential 増えられる
増えれる³ 		ふえられる
ふえれる³ 		fuerareru
fuereru³
Volitional 増えよう ふえよう fueyō
Negative 増えない
増えぬ
増えん 		ふえない
ふえぬ
ふえん 		fuenai
fuenu
fuen
Negative continuative 増えず ふえず fuezu
Formal 増えます ふえます fuemasu
Perfective 増えた ふえた fueta
Conjunctive 増えて ふえて fuete
Hypothetical conditional 増えれば ふえれば fuereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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