弾く

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
弾
ひ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
彈く (kyūjitai)

Derived from 引(ひ)く (hiku, “to pull”).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "弾く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		弾く ひく
Imperative (命令形) 弾け ひけ
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる ひかれる
Causative 弾かせる ひかせる
Potential 弾ける ひける
Volitional 弾こう ひこ​ー
Negative 弾かない ひかない
Negative perfective 弾かなかった ひかな​かった
Formal 弾きます ひきま​す
Perfective 弾いた ひいた
Conjunctive 弾いて ひいて
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば ひけ​ば

Verb

弾(ひ)く • (hiku) transitive godan (stem 弾(ひ)き (hiki), past 弾(ひ)いた (hiita))

  1. play (a stringed or keyboard musical instrument)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "弾く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 弾か ひか hika
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 弾き ひき hiki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 弾く ひく hiku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 弾く ひく hiku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 弾け ひけ hike
Meireikei ("imperative") 弾け ひけ hike
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる ひかれる hikareru
Causative 弾かせる
弾かす 		ひかせる
ひかす 		hikaseru
hikasu
Potential 弾ける ひける hikeru
Volitional 弾こう ひこう hikō
Negative 弾かない ひかない hikanai
Negative continuative 弾かず ひかず hikazu
Formal 弾きます ひきます hikimasu
Perfective 弾いた ひいた hiita
Conjunctive 弾いて ひいて hiite
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば ひけば hikeba
Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 弾か ひか fika
Continuative (連用形) 弾き ひき fiki
Terminal (終止形) 弾く ひく fiku
Attributive (連体形) 弾く ひく fiku
Realis (已然形) 弾け ひけ fike
Imperative (命令形) 弾け ひけ fike
Key constructions
Negative 弾かず ひかず fikazu
Contrasting conjunction 弾けど ひけど fikedo
Causal conjunction 弾けば ひけば fikeba
Conditional conjunction 弾かば ひかば fikaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 弾きき ひきき fikiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 弾きけり ひきけり fikikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 弾きつ ひきつ fikitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 弾きぬ ひきぬ fikinu
Perfect-continuative tense 弾けり
弾きたり		 ひけり
ひきたり		 fikeri
fikitari
Volitional 弾かむ ひかむ fikamu
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
弾
はじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
彈く (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "弾く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		弾く はじ​く
Imperative (命令形) 弾け はじ​け
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる はじかれ​る
Causative 弾かせる はじかせ​る
Potential 弾ける はじけ​る
Volitional 弾こう はじこ​ー
Negative 弾かない はじか​ない
Negative perfective 弾かなかった はじか​なかった
Formal 弾きます はじきま​す
Perfective 弾いた はじ​いた
Conjunctive 弾いて はじ​いて
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば はじ​けば

Verb

弾(はじ)く • (hajiku) transitive godan (stem 弾(はじ)き (hajiki), past 弾(はじ)いた (hajiita))

Japanese verb pair
active 弾(はじ)く (弾(はじ)く)
mediopassive 弾(はじ)ける (弾(はじ)ける)
  1. to flick and make something spring/jump
    おはじきを弾(はじ)く
    ohajiki o hajiku
    to fire the marble
    爪先(つまさき)で弦(つる)を弾(はじ)く
    tsumasaki de tsuru o hajiku
    to pluck the string with finger
  2. to reject; to repel (some external substance) (of materials)
    このレインコートはよく水(みず)を弾(はじ)く
    kono reinkōto wa yoku mizu o hajiku
    This raincoat is well waterproof.
    鋼鉄(こうてつ)の板(いた)が銃弾(じゅうだん)を弾(はじ)く
    kōtetsu no ita ga jūdan o hajiku
    The steel plates can resist bullets.
  3. (from the metaphor of beating beads of an abacus) to calculate
    損得(そんとく)を弾(はじ)いてみる
    sontoku o hajīte miru
    Let's calculate the loss and gain.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "弾く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 弾か はじか hajika
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 弾き はじき hajiki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 弾く はじく hajiku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 弾く はじく hajiku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 弾け はじけ hajike
Meireikei ("imperative") 弾け はじけ hajike
Key constructions
Passive 弾かれる はじかれる hajikareru
Causative 弾かせる
弾かす 		はじかせる
はじかす 		hajikaseru
hajikasu
Potential 弾ける はじける hajikeru
Volitional 弾こう はじこう hajikō
Negative 弾かない はじかない hajikanai
Negative continuative 弾かず はじかず hajikazu
Formal 弾きます はじきます hajikimasu
Perfective 弾いた はじいた hajiita
Conjunctive 弾いて はじいて hajiite
Hypothetical conditional 弾けば はじけば hajikeba
Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 弾か はじか fazika
Continuative (連用形) 弾き はじき faziki
Terminal (終止形) 弾く はじく faziku
Attributive (連体形) 弾く はじく faziku
Realis (已然形) 弾け はじけ fazike
Imperative (命令形) 弾け はじけ fazike
Key constructions
Negative 弾かず はじかず fazikazu
Contrasting conjunction 弾けど はじけど fazikedo
Causal conjunction 弾けば はじけば fazikeba
Conditional conjunction 弾かば はじかば fazikaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 弾きき はじきき fazikiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 弾きけり はじきけり fazikikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 弾きつ はじきつ fazikitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 弾きぬ はじきぬ fazikinu
Perfect-continuative tense 弾けり
弾きたり		 はじけり
はじきたり		 fazikeri
fazikitari
Volitional 弾かむ はじかむ fazikamu

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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