敵う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
敵
かな
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Verb

敵(かな)う • (kanau) ←かなふ (kanafu)?godan (stem 敵(かな)い (kanai), past 敵(かな)った (kanatta))

  1. to rival
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      科学(かがく)では彼(かれ)に敵(かな)わぬ
      kagaku deha kare ni kanawanu
      No one can rival him in the field of science

Conjugation

Conjugation of "敵う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 敵わ かなわ kanawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 敵い かない kanai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 敵う かなう kanau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 敵う かなう kanau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 敵え かなえ kanae
Meireikei ("imperative") 敵え かなえ kanae
Key constructions
Passive 敵われる かなわれる kanawareru
Causative 敵わせる
敵わす 		かなわせる
かなわす 		kanawaseru
kanawasu
Potential 敵える かなえる kanaeru
Volitional 敵おう かなおう kanaō
Negative 敵わない かなわない kanawanai
Negative continuative 敵わず かなわず kanawazu
Formal 敵います かないます kanaimasu
Perfective 敵った かなった kanatta
Conjunctive 敵って かなって kanatte
Hypothetical conditional 敵えば かなえば kanaeba
Classical conjugation of "敵ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 敵は かなは kanafa
Continuative (連用形) 敵ひ かなひ kanafi
Terminal (終止形) 敵ふ かなふ kanafu
Attributive (連体形) 敵ふ かなふ kanafu
Realis (已然形) 敵へ かなへ kanafe
Imperative (命令形) 敵へ かなへ kanafe
Key constructions
Negative 敵はず かなはず kanafazu
Contrasting conjunction 敵へど かなへど kanafedo
Causal conjunction 敵へば かなへば kanafeba
Conditional conjunction 敵はば かなはば kanafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 敵ひき かなひき kanafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 敵ひけり かなひけり kanafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 敵ひつ かなひつ kanafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 敵ひぬ かなひぬ kanafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 敵へり
敵ひたり		 かなへり
かなひたり		 kanaferi
kanafitari
Volitional 敵はむ かなはむ kanafamu

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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