無い

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Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "無い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 無く
Terminal (終止形) 無い
Attributive (連体形) 無い
Key constructions
Informal negative 無くない くない
Informal past 無かった かった
Informal negative past 無くなかった くなかった
Formal 無いです いです
Conjunctive 無くて くて
Conditional 無ければ ければ

Adjective

() (nai-i (adverbial () (naku))

  1. no; nonexistent
    (わたし)がテーブルの(うえ)(たし)かに()いたリンゴが()
    Watashi ga tēburu no ue ni tashika ni oita ringo ga nai.
    I know I put an apple on the table, but it's gone.
    名前(なまえ)はまだ()
    Namae wa mada nai.
    I don't yet have a name.
  2. not possessed or unavailable for one to use; not having
    (かね)ない
    Okane ga nai.
    I have no money.
  3. not yet come, (expected but) not arrived
  4. first in occurrence

Usage notes

  • This is only used with inanimate objects or things, with a few exceptions. When describing people or animals, () (iru) is used instead.
  • The kana spelling alone (ない) is preferred to the spelling with kanji (無い), which is rarely used.
  • This kanji spelling is not used for the auxiliary ending ない, which, despite having conjugation akin to this adjective, is originally a different word.

Inflection

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.