生む

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
生
う
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
産む

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation

Verb

生(う)む • (umu) transitive godan (stem 生(う)み (umi), past 生(う)んだ (unda))

  1. to give birth to; to bear (a child); (of eggs) to lay; (of fish) to spawn
  2. to produce (something)
    美風(びふう)を生(う)む
    bifū o umu
    produce a good custom
    銹(さび)を生(う)む
    sabi o umu
    produce rust

Conjugation

Conjugation of "生む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 生ま うま uma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 生み うみ umi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 生む うむ umu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 生む うむ umu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 生め うめ ume
Meireikei ("imperative") 生め うめ ume
Key constructions
Passive 生まれる うまれる umareru
Causative 生ませる
生ます 		うませる
うます 		umaseru
umasu
Potential 生める うめる umeru
Volitional 生もう うもう umō
Negative 生まない うまない umanai
Negative continuative 生まず うまず umazu
Formal 生みます うみます umimasu
Perfective 生んだ うんだ unda
Conjunctive 生んで うんで unde
Hypothetical conditional 生めば うめば umeba
Classical conjugation of "生む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 生ま うま uma
Continuative (連用形) 生み うみ umi
Terminal (終止形) 生む うむ umu
Attributive (連体形) 生む うむ umu
Realis (已然形) 生め うめ ume
Imperative (命令形) 生め うめ ume
Key constructions
Negative 生まず うまず umazu
Contrasting conjunction 生めど うめど umedo
Causal conjunction 生めば うめば umeba
Conditional conjunction 生まば うまば umaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 生みき うみき umiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 生みけり うみけり umikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 生みつ うみつ umitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 生みぬ うみぬ uminu
Perfect-continuative tense 生めり
生みたり		 うめり
うみたり		 umeri
umitari
Volitional 生まむ うまむ umamu

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. ^ “産・生”, in 日本国語大辞典 ‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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