πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uberlagjanΔ…; cognate with Old English oferleΔ‹Δ‘an. By surface analysis, πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚- (ufar-) +‎ 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lagjan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ufarˈlaΙ‘jan/,

Verb

πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (ufarlagjan)

  1. (hapax, transitive) to lay upon, overlay
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 11:38b:
      π…πŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ· 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° π…πŒ°πƒ πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚π‰.
      wasuh þan hulundi jah staina ufarlagida was ufarō.
      It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it. (KJV)
      (literally, β€œAnd there was a cave there, and it was overlaid above with a stone.”)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
ufarlagjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°
ufarlagja 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagida 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjada
2nd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπƒ
ufarlagjis 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
ufarlagidΔ“s 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
ufarlagjaza
3rd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjiΓΎ 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagida 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjada
1st dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπ‰πƒ
ufarlagjōs 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
ufarlagidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ufarlagjats 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
ufarlagidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
ufarlagjam 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
ufarlagidΔ“dum 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjanda
2nd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjiΓΎ 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
ufarlagidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjanda
3rd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
ufarlagjand 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
ufarlagidΔ“dun 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjau 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagidΔ“djau 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaidau
2nd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
ufarlagjais 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
ufarlagidΔ“deis 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaizau
3rd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
ufarlagjai 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
ufarlagidΔ“di 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaidau
1st dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ufarlagjaiwa 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ufarlagidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
ufarlagjaits 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
ufarlagidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
ufarlagjaima 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
ufarlagidΔ“deima 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaindau
2nd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjaiΓΎ 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaindau
3rd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
ufarlagjaina 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
ufarlagidΔ“deina 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉ
ufarlagei
3rd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjadau
2nd dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ufarlagjats
2nd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
ufarlagjands 		πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
ufarlagiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 78
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia