π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚- (faur-) + a denominal verb from Proto-Germanic *mΕ«lō (β€œmuzzle”)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fΙ”rˈmuːljan/

Verb

π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (faurmΕ«ljan)

  1. to muzzle
    • 1 Corinthians 9:9a
      𐌹𐌽 π…πŒΉπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ° 𐌰𐌿𐌺 πŒΌπ‰πƒπŒ΄πŒΆπŒΉπƒ 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌸 πŒΉπƒπ„: 𐌽𐌹 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·πƒπŒ°πŒΏ πŒΈπ‚πŒΉπƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½.
      in witōda auk mōsΔ“zis gamΔ“liΓΎ ist: ni faurmΕ«ljais auhsau ΓΎriskandan.
      For it is written in the law of Moses, thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the corn. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
faurmΕ«ljan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°
faurmΕ«lja 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«lida 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljada
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
faurmΕ«leis 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“s 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
faurmΕ«ljaza
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurmΕ«leiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«lida 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljada
1st dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπ‰πƒ
faurmΕ«ljōs 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
faurmΕ«ljats 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
faurmΕ«ljam 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“dum 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljanda
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurmΕ«leiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“duΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljanda
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
faurmΕ«ljand 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
faurmΕ«lidΔ“dun 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljau 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“djau 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljaidau
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
faurmΕ«ljais 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“deis 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljaizau
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
faurmΕ«ljai 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“di 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljaidau
1st dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljaiwa 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
faurmΕ«lidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
faurmΕ«ljaits 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
faurmΕ«ljaima 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
faurmΕ«lidΔ“deima 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljaindau
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
faurmΕ«ljaiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurmΕ«lidΔ“deiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljaindau
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
faurmΕ«ljaina 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
faurmΕ«lidΔ“deina 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljaindau
Imperative
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉ
faurmΕ«lei
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljadau
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
faurmΕ«ljats
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurmΕ«leiΓΎ
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurmΕ«ljandau
Present Past
Participles π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
faurmΕ«ljands 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΌπŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
faurmΕ«liΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 97
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