๐จ
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "me"
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Translingual
Cuneiform sign
| ๐จ | Sign Number | |
|---|---|---|
| MZL | 753 | |
| Deimel | 532 | |
| HZL | 357 | |
| Components | ||
| ๐น, ๐ธ | ||
Derived signs
References
- R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (MZL), Mรผnster (2003)
- A. Deimel, ล umerisches Lexikon (Deimel), Rome (1947)
- Chr. Rรผster, E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (HZL), Wiesbaden (1989)
Akkadian
Sign values
| Sign | ๐จ |
|---|---|
| Sumerograms | Iล IB, ME, MEล โ |
| Phonetic values | me, miโ, ลกib/ลกip |
Sumerian
Etymology 1
Verb
๐จ โข (me)
- to be
- ๐ท๐ ๐๐พ๐จ๐ โ gฬeโโ-e a-na-me-en /gฬe anamen/ โ What am I?
- ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฎ โ ma-mu-dam /mamudam/ โ It was a dream.
- ๐ท๐ ๐ ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐๐ โ gฬaโ-e uโ za-e ลกeลก-me-en-deโ-en /gฬe u ze ลกeลกmenden/ โ You and I are brothers.
Usage notes
- ๐จ (me) is only used as a copula. To express the existential meaning of "to be somewhere", "to be there" the verb ๐ (gฬalโ /โ gฬalโ /) is used instead.
- The copula is inflected like an intransitive verb in the perfective. Independent and enclitic forms are in complementary distribution: the enclitic form is used when the copula would otherwise only consist of a vocalic prefix, verbal stem and person suffix; the independent form is used in all other cases.
- The copula lacks the distinction of tense and aspect. Only the context can clarify whether the copula refers to past, present or future.
- In Old Sumerian, the final consonant of the person suffixes was not written (so both ๐จ๐ (me-en /โ menโ /) and ๐ (me-eลก /โ meลกโ /) were written ๐จ (me)); the third person enclitic form was written ๐ญ (amโ /โ amโ /).
- After clitics ending in a vowel, the third person enclitic form ๐๐ญ (amโ /โ amโ /) was reduced to /m/ already in Old Sumerian. Like other syllable-final consonants, it was never written during that period and only occasionally from Old Akkadian on:
- ๐๐ฌ โ eโ-gฬuโโ /egฬรปm/ โ it's my house
Inflection
| Conjugation of ๐จ (me) | ||
|---|---|---|
| independent | enclitic | |
| 1st singular | ๐จ๐ men | |
| 2nd singular | ๐จ๐ men | |
| 3rd singular | ๐จ me |
๐๐ญ am |
| 1st plural | ๐จ๐๐๐ menden | |
| 2nd plural | ๐จ๐๐ข๐ menzen | |
| 3rd plural | ๐ meลก | |
Etymology 2
Pronoun
๐จ โข (me /mฤ/)
- (enclitic) our (first-person plural possessive pronoun)
Usage notes
- The /e/ of ๐จ (me) does not contract with the locative case marker:
- ๐ท๐จ๐ โ iri-me-a /irimฤ'a/ โ in our city
- The /e/ of ๐จ (me) contracts with the vowel of the genitive case marker, resulting in /รช/:
- ๐๐พ๐จ๐ โ egir dub-me-ka /egir dubmรชka/ โ on the reverse of our tablet
Etymology 3
Noun
๐จ โข (iลกib)
Verb
๐จ โข (iลกib)
See also
| Sumerian possessive pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| 1st singular | ๐ฌ gฬu |
๐จ mฤ | |
| 2nd singular | ๐ช zu |
๐ช๐๐ zunฤnฤ | |
| 3rd singular | hum. | ๐๐ ane |
๐๐๐ anฤnฤ |
| nhum. | ๐ be | ||