From Proto-Finnic *-ahtadak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-ašta-.
-ahtaa (front vowel harmony variant -ähtää, stem -ahta-, linguistic notation -AhtA- or -AhtAA)
Applied mainly to intransitive verbs. Momentane transitive verbs are more commonly derived with the suffix -aista.
| Inflection of -ahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ahdan | en -ahda | 1st sing. | olen -ahtanut | en ole -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ahdat | et -ahda | 2nd sing. | olet -ahtanut | et ole -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ahtaa | ei -ahda | 3rd sing. | on -ahtanut | ei ole -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ahdamme | emme -ahda | 1st plur. | olemme -ahtaneet | emme ole -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ahdatte | ette -ahda | 2nd plur. | olette -ahtaneet | ette ole -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ahtavat | eivät -ahda | 3rd plur. | ovat -ahtaneet | eivät ole -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -ahdetaan | ei -ahdeta | passive | on -ahdettu | ei ole -ahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ahdin | en -ahtanut | 1st sing. | olin -ahtanut | en ollut -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ahdit | et -ahtanut | 2nd sing. | olit -ahtanut | et ollut -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ahti | ei -ahtanut | 3rd sing. | oli -ahtanut | ei ollut -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ahdimme | emme -ahtaneet | 1st plur. | olimme -ahtaneet | emme olleet -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ahditte | ette -ahtaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte -ahtaneet | ette olleet -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ahtivat | eivät -ahtaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat -ahtaneet | eivät olleet -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -ahdettiin | ei -ahdettu | passive | oli -ahdettu | ei ollut -ahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ahtaisin | en -ahtaisi | 1st sing. | olisin -ahtanut | en olisi -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ahtaisit | et -ahtaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -ahtanut | et olisi -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ahtaisi | ei -ahtaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -ahtanut | ei olisi -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ahtaisimme | emme -ahtaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -ahtaneet | emme olisi -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ahtaisitte | ette -ahtaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -ahtaneet | ette olisi -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ahtaisivat | eivät -ahtaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -ahtaneet | eivät olisi -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -ahdettaisiin | ei -ahdettaisi | passive | olisi -ahdettu | ei olisi -ahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ahda | älä -ahda | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ahtakoon | älköön -ahtako | 3rd sing. | olkoon -ahtanut | älköön olko -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ahtakaamme | älkäämme -ahtako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ahtakaa | älkää -ahtako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ahtakoot | älkööt -ahtako | 3rd plur. | olkoot -ahtaneet | älkööt olko -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -ahdettakoon | älköön -ahdettako | passive | olkoon -ahdettu | älköön olko -ahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ahtanen | en -ahtane | 1st sing. | lienen -ahtanut | en liene -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ahtanet | et -ahtane | 2nd sing. | lienet -ahtanut | et liene -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ahtanee | ei -ahtane | 3rd sing. | lienee -ahtanut | ei liene -ahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ahtanemme | emme -ahtane | 1st plur. | lienemme -ahtaneet | emme liene -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ahtanette | ette -ahtane | 2nd plur. | lienette -ahtaneet | ette liene -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ahtanevat | eivät -ahtane | 3rd plur. | lienevät -ahtaneet | eivät liene -ahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -ahdettaneen | ei -ahdettane | passive | lienee -ahdettu | ei liene -ahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | -ahtaa | present | -ahtava | -ahdettava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | -ahtanut | -ahdettu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | -ahtaessa | -ahdettaessa | agent4 | -ahtama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -ahtamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -ahtaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | -ahtamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | -ahtamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | -ahtamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | -ahtamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | -ahtamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -ahtaman | -ahdettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | -ahtaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
From Proto-Finnic *-ahtadak. Cognates include Finnish -ahtaa.
-ahtaa (front vowel variant -ähtää)
| Conjugation of -ahtaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, t- gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -ahan | en -aha | 1st singular | oon -ahtant, oon -ahtanut | en oo -ahtant, en oo -ahtanut |
| 2nd singular | -ahat | et -aha | 2nd singular | oot -ahtant, oot -ahtanut | et oo -ahtant, et oo -ahtanut |
| 3rd singular | -ahtaa | ei -aha | 3rd singular | ono -ahtant, ono -ahtanut | ei oo -ahtant, ei oo -ahtanut |
| 1st plural | -ahamma | emmä -aha | 1st plural | oomma -ahtanneet | emmä oo -ahtanneet |
| 2nd plural | -ahatta | että -aha | 2nd plural | ootta -ahtanneet | että oo -ahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | -ahtaat1), -ahtavat2), -ahettaa | evät -aha, ei -aheta | 3rd plural | ovat -ahtanneet | evät oo -ahtanneet, ei oo -ahettu |
| impersonal | -ahettaa | ei -aheta | impersonal | ono -ahettu | ei oo -ahettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -ahin | en -ahtant, en -ahtanut | 1st singular | olin -ahtant, olin -ahtanut | en olt -ahtant, en olt -ahtanut |
| 2nd singular | -ahit | et -ahtant, et -ahtanut | 2nd singular | olit -ahtant, olit -ahtanut | et olt -ahtant, et olt -ahtanut |
| 3rd singular | -ahti | ei -ahtant, ei -ahtanut | 3rd singular | oli -ahtant, oli -ahtanut | ei olt -ahtant, ei olt -ahtanut |
| 1st plural | -ahimma | emmä -ahtanneet | 1st plural | olimma -ahtanneet | emmä olleet -ahtanneet |
| 2nd plural | -ahitta | että -ahtanneet | 2nd plural | olitta -ahtanneet | että olleet -ahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | -ahtiit1), -ahtivat2), -ahettii | evät -ahtanneet, ei -ahettu | 3rd plural | olivat -ahtanneet | evät olleet -ahtanneet, ei olt -ahettu |
| impersonal | -ahettii | ei -ahettu | impersonal | oli -ahettu | ei olt -ahettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | -ahtaisin | en -ahtais | 1st singular | olisin -ahtant, olisin -ahtanut | en olis -ahtant, en olis -ahtanut |
| 2nd singular | -ahtaisit, -ahtaist1) | et -ahtais | 2nd singular | olisit -ahtant, olisit -ahtanut | et olis -ahtant, et olis -ahtanut |
| 3rd singular | -ahtais | ei -ahtais | 3rd singular | olis -ahtant, olis -ahtanut | ei olis -ahtant, ei olis -ahtanut |
| 1st plural | -ahtaisimma | emmä -ahtais | 1st plural | olisimma -ahtanneet | emmä olis -ahtanneet |
| 2nd plural | -ahtaisitta | että -ahtais | 2nd plural | olisitta -ahtanneet | että olis -ahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | -ahtaisiit1), -ahtaisivat2), -ahettais | evät -ahtais, ei -ahettais | 3rd plural | olisivat -ahtanneet | evät olis -ahtanneet, ei olis -ahettu |
| impersonal | -ahettais | ei -ahettais | impersonal | olis -ahettu | ei olis -ahettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | -aha | elä -aha | 2nd singular | oo -ahtant, oo -ahtanut | elä oo -ahtant, elä oo -ahtanut |
| 3rd singular | -ahtakkoo | elköö -ahtako | 3rd singular | olkoo -ahtant, olkoo -ahtanut | elköö olko -ahtant, elköö olko -ahtanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | -ahtakkaa | elkää -ahtako | 2nd plural | olkaa -ahtanneet | elkää olko -ahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | -ahtakkoot | elkööt -ahtako, elköö -ahettako | 3rd plural | olkoot -ahtanneet | elkööt olko -ahtanneet, elköö olko -ahettu |
| impersonal | -ahettakoo | elköö -ahettako | impersonal | olkoo -ahettu | elköö olko -ahettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | -ahtanen | en -ahtane | |||
| 2nd singular | -ahtanet | et -ahtane | |||
| 3rd singular | -ahtannoo | ei -ahtane | |||
| 1st plural | -ahtanemma | emmä -ahtane | |||
| 2nd plural | -ahtanetta | että -ahtane | |||
| 3rd plural | -ahtannoot | evät -ahtane, ei -ahettane | |||
| impersonal | -ahettanoo | ei -ahettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | -ahtaa | present | -ahtava | -ahettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | -ahtaes | past | -ahtant, -ahtanut | -ahettu |
| instructive | -ahtaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-ahtakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | -ahtammaa | |||
| inessive | -ahtamas | ||||
| elative | -ahtamast | ||||
| abessive | -ahtamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | -ahtamiin | |||
| partitive | -ahtamista, -ahtamist | ||||