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Azerbaijani
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”).[1]
Suffix
-dir
- Third-person singular present simple copula (used suppletively in place of *imək):
- is
Etymology 2
Suffix
-dir
- Causative suffix.[2]
- gəzmək (“to walk”) + -dir → gəzdirmək (“to take out for a walk”)
- bilmək (“to know”) + -dir → bildirmək (“to inform”)
Derived terms
References
- ^ Sevortjan, E. V. (1980), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, pages 296-301
- ^ Шиарлиев, М.Ш.; Севортян, Э. В. (1971) Грамматика азербайджанского языка: (Фонетика, морфология и синтаксис) (p. 109). Баку: "Элм".
Gagauz
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish طورمق (durmaq), ـدر (-dur, -dür), from Proto-Turkic *tur-. Compare Turkish durmak, -dir; Azerbaijani durmaq, -dir; and durmaa.
Suffix
-dir
- (copulative) Third-person singular present simple copula, is
Usage notes
- Usually dropped during colloquial speech; mostly used to emphasize.
Etymology 2
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-tur
Suffix
-dir
- forms causative verbs
Further reading
- N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “-дир”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 635
Turkish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkish ـدر (-dir), from Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish durmak (“to stand, to stop”).
Suffix
-dir
- (auxiliary, defective, + noun) is
- Bu benim evimdir. ― This is my house.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *-tur (causative suffix).
Suffix
-dir
- Causative suffix.
- gezmek (“to walk”) + -dir → gezdirmek (“to take (one) out for a walk”)
- bilmek (“to know”) + -dir → bildirmek (“to inform”)
- ölmek (“to die”) + -dir → öldürmek (“to kill”, literally “to make someone die”)