Appendix:Old Irish t preterite verbs

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Main article: Appendix:Old Irish verbs

The Old Irish t preterite originated in Proto-Celtic in forms where the preterite suffix -s- came between a root-final consonant and the third-person singular ending -t. The s disappeared by phonological rule in this environment, and the remaining -t was reinterpreted as a tense-marking suffix and spread to the rest of the paradigm. The t preterite is found on strong verbs whose root ends in one of the consonants r, l, m, and g (though not on all such strong verbs).

The t endings are generally added directly to the verb root, but saigid takes the reduplicated form sïacht (< *si-sax-t).

The t preterite is found in a few forms in Brythonic as well, e.g. Middle Welsh kymerth (“took”), aeth (“went”).

As with the s preterite, the passive forms are derived from a verbal adjective with a suffix starting with t.

See Category:Old Irish t preterite verbs for a list of verbs belonging to this class.

Nondeponent endings

A sample verb for this class is beirid (“to take”), which ends in a broad consonant. The endings are as follows:

Present indicative
1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. Passive singular Passive plural
Absolute — — birt — — bertatar brethae brethai
Conjunct ·biurt ·birt ·bert ·bertammar ·bertaid* ·berta(ta)r ·breth ·bretha
Relative — — berte — — berta(ta)r brethae brethai
*Attested in the prefixed form as·rubartid

Further reading

Wikious
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