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Vocabulary
Only 47.8% of Sichuanese vocabulary is in common with the Beijing dialect on which Standard Chinese is based; Sichuanese shares more vocabulary with the Xiang and Gan varieties of Chinese, even though Sichuanese is usually classified as a dialect of Mandarin.[1]
The vocabulary of Sichuanese has three main origins: Bashu (or Ancient Sichuanese), Middle Chinese and the languages of the immigrants, including Proto-Mandarin from Hubei, Xiang, Gan and Hakka, which were brought to Sichuan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Recently, many loanwords have been introduced to Sichuanese from standard Mandarin and English. Meanwhile, new Sichuanese words are developing in large cities, such as Chengdu and Chongqing, which then spread at a dramatic speed through Sichuan.[2][3] "雄起" (xiong2qi3) (meaning "to cheer someone on") is a typical example of a novel Sichuanese word, equivalent to "加油" (jiāyóu) in standard Mandarin. The table below presents some common words in Sichuanese and their standard equivalents.
Words with the same number of syllables[4][5]
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Entirely different
Sichuanese |
standard |
meaning
|
躂 da2 |
跌 diē |
to fall down
|
车 ce1 |
转 zhuàn |
to rotate
|
煪 qiu1 |
熏 xūn |
to smoke
|
破 po4 |
剖 pōu |
to cut open
|
晏 ngan4 |
晚 wǎn |
late
|
校 gao4 |
试 shì |
to try
|
角孽 go2nie2 |
吵架 chǎojià |
to quarrel
|
经佑 jin1you1 |
照顾 zhàogù |
to look after
|
行市 hang2si4 |
能干 nénggàn |
capable
|
往回 wang3hui2 |
以前 yǐqián |
before
|
晓得 xiao3de2 |
知道 zhīdào |
know
|
踏踏 ta2ta2 |
地方 dìfāng |
place
|
耍 sua3 |
玩 wán |
to play
|
膀 pang3 |
碰 pòng |
to touch
|
豁 ho1 |
骗 piàn |
to cheat
|
掌 zang3 |
扶 fú |
to support
|
拢 nong3 |
到 dào |
to arrive
|
痨 nao4 |
毒 dú |
to poison
|
噗鼾 pu2han4 |
呼噜 hūlu |
to snore
|
刹角 sa2go2 |
结束 jiéshù |
to end
|
背时 bei4si2 |
倒霉 dǎoméi |
bad luck
|
二回 er4hui2 |
下次 xiàcì |
next time
|
造孽 zao4nie2 |
可怜 kělián |
pitiful
|
各人 go2ren2 |
自己 zìjǐ |
self
|
院 yuan4 |
绕 rào |
to go around
|
膼 zua2 |
踢 tī |
to kick
|
挼 rua2 |
揉 róu |
to knead
|
挎 kua3 |
脱 tuō |
to get undressed
|
蹅 ca1 |
踩 cǎi |
to step on
|
滗 bi2 |
滤 lǜ |
to filter
|
活路 ho2nu4 |
工作 gōngzuò |
job
|
横顺 huan2sen1 |
反正 fǎnzhèng |
anyway
|
伸抖 cen1tou3 |
整齐 zhěngqí |
neat
|
颈项 jin3hang2 |
脖子 bózi |
neck
|
安逸 ngan1yi2 |
舒服 shūfu |
comfortable
|
相应 xiang1yin1 |
便宜 piányi |
cheap
|
Partially different
Sichuanese |
standard |
meaning
|
拉丝 na1si1 |
拉链 lāliàn |
zipper
|
院坝 yuan4ba4 |
院子 yuànzi |
yard
|
灰面 hui1mian4 |
面粉 miànfěn |
flour
|
抽抽 cou1cou1 |
抽屉 chōutì |
drawer
|
晌午 sang3vu3 |
午饭 wǔfàn |
lunch
|
火炮儿 ho3per4 |
鞭炮 biānpào |
fireworks
|
鼻子 bi2zi3 |
鼻涕 bítì |
snot
|
皮面 pi2mian4 |
表面 biǎomiàn |
surface
|
别个 bie2go4 |
别人 biérén |
other people
|
侧边 ze2bian1 |
旁边 pángbiān |
beside
|
转来 zuan3nai2 |
回来 húilái |
to return
|
火闪 ho3san3 |
闪电 shǎndiàn |
lightning
|
缺缺 que2que1 |
缺口 quēkǒu |
gap
|
不了 bu2niao3 |
不止 bùzhǐ |
more than
|
声气 sen1qi4 |
声音 shēngyīn |
sound
|
Different sequence
Sichuanese |
standard |
meaning
|
鸡公 ji1gong1 |
公鸡 gōngjī |
cockerel
|
闹热 nao4re2 |
热闹 rènào |
noisy
|
鸡母 ji1mu2 |
母鸡 mǔjī |
hen
|
人客 ren2ke2 |
客人 kèrén |
guest
|
气力 qi4ni2 |
力气 lìqì |
strength
|
欢喜 huan1xi3 |
喜欢 xǐhuān |
to like
|
Words with different numbers of syllables[4][5]
">edit]
Sichuanese |
standard |
meaning
|
歪 wai1 |
凶恶 xiōng'è |
rude
|
奓 za1 |
张开 zhāngkāi |
to splay
|
左 zo3 |
调换 diàohuàn |
to switch
|
撵 nian3 |
追赶 zhūigǎn |
to run after
|
搌 zan3 |
挪动 nuódòng |
to move
|
湓 men4 |
溢出 yìchū |
to overflow
|
瓢羹儿 piao2ger1 |
勺 sháo |
spoon
|
嘎嘎 ga3ga3 |
肉 ròu |
meat
|
巴壁虎 ba1bi2fu3 |
壁虎 bìhǔ |
gecko
|
月母子 yue2mu3zi3 |
孕妇 yùnfù |
pregnant woman
|
雪弹子 xue2dan4zi3 |
冰雹 bīngbáo |
hail
|
巴 ba1 |
粘贴 zhāntiē |
to stick
|
饮 yin4 |
浇灌 jiāoguàn |
to water
|
马 ma3 |
欺负 qīfù |
to bully
|
号 hao4 |
批阅 pīyuè |
to correct
|
争 zen1 |
欠缺 qiànquē |
to lack
|
槽 cao4 |
翻动 fāndòng |
to stir
|
估到 gu3dao3 |
逼 bī |
to force
|
啪啦 pa1la1 |
堆 dūi |
pile
|
檐老鼠 yan2nao3su3 |
蝙蝠 biǎnfú |
bat
|
磕膝头 ke2qi1ter2 |
膝盖 xīgài |
knee
|
贼娃子 zui2wa2zi3 |
小偷 xiǎotōu |
thief
|
谙 ngan2 |
以为 yĭwéi |
to think
|
抱 bao4 |
孵化 fūhuà |
to incubate
|
费 fei4 |
调皮 tiáopí |
naughty
|
咀 ju2 |
吮吸 shǔnxī |
to suck
|
摸 mo1 |
磨蹭 mócèng |
to dally
|
翕 xie1 |
裂开 lièkāi |
to crack
|
巴适 ba1si2 |
好 hǎo |
good
|
几下 ji3ha4 |
快 kuài |
to hurry
|
扯把子 ce3ba3zi3 |
撒谎 sāhuǎng |
to tell a lie
|
丁丁猫儿 din1din1mer1 |
蜻蜓 qīngtíng |
dragonfly
|
冒皮皮 mao4pi2pi2 |
吹牛 chūiníu |
to boast
|
- ^ 《四川方言与巴蜀文化》
- ^ 杨文全、鲁科颖(2005年05期),《当代成都方言新词汇例释——兼论其造词心理与民间文化意蕴》,西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
- ^ 沈荭(2008年02期),《重庆言子儿的文化透视》,重庆大学学报(社会科学版)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 罗家国(2002年5月),《渠县方言词语研究》,厦门大学
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 刘孝利(2007年4月),《自贡方言词语研究》,四川大学