Hoa Lang

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Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Pha Lang

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, European, Westerner). Cognate with Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng) and Chinese 佛朗機 / 佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī). Not cognate with Hà Lan or Hoà Lan as Hoa Lang was attested before Dutch independence from Spain in 1579.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Hoa Lang (花郎)

  1. (obsolete) Portugal (a country in Europe)
  2. (obsolete) Catholicism
    • Hội đồng tứ giáo (會同四教), pg. 2a
      吏噲衆碎𱺵道花郎
      Lại gọi chúng tôi là đạo Hoa Lang.
      Moreover, they call us Hoa Lang religion.
  3. (obsolete) westerner

Usage notes

Originally the term was used mainly to refer to the Portuguese until the eighteenth century where it became a catch-all term for westerners from Europe.

See also