Chavacano pronunciation module, used to power Template:cbk-IPA.
-- Based on ] by TagaSanPedroAko, in turn based on ] by Benwing2. Some code based on ]
-- Adaptation by TagaSanPedroAko.
local export = {}
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("cbk")
local u = mw.ustring.char
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́
local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀
local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂
local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- tilde = ̃
local DIA = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈
local MACRON = u(0x0304) -- macron
local vowel = "aeiouàèìòù" -- vowel
local V = ""
local W = "" -- glide
local accent = AC .. GR .. CFLEX .. MACRON
local accent_c = ""
local stress_c = ""
local ipa_stress = "ˈˌ"
local ipa_stress_c = ""
local separator = accent .. ipa_stress .. "# ."
local separator_c = ""
local C = "" -- consonant
local T = "" -- obstruent or nasal
local unstressed_words = require("Module:table").listToSet({ --feel free to add more unstressed words
"a", "el", "la", "los", "de", "del", "na", -- articles and prepositions
"y", "o", "si", "que", "ni", -- conjunctions
"no", -- negation word
})
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
while true do
local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
if new_term == term then
return term
end
term = new_term
end
end
-- ĵ, ɟ and ć are used internally to represent , and
function export.IPA(text, phonetic)
local debug = {}
text = ulower(text or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
-- decompose everything but ë, ñ and ü
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
text = rsub(text, "." .. "", {
= "à",
= "è",
= "ì",
= "ò",
= "ù",
= "ñ",
= "ü",
})
-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
text = rsub(text, "%s*%s*", " | ")
-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
text = rsub(text, "()%s*%s*()", "%1 | %2")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
local function canon_spaces(text)
text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
text = rsub(text, " $", "")
return text
end
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- Make prefixes unstressed unless they have an explicit stress marker; also make certain
-- monosyllabic words (e.g. ], ], ], ], etc.) without stress marks be
-- unstressed.
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(words) do
if rfind(word, "%-$") and not rfind(word, accent_c) or unstressed_words then
-- add MACRON to the last vowel not the first one
-- adding the MACRON after the 'u'
words = rsub(word, "^(.*" .. V .. ")", "%1" .. MACRON)
end
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- Convert hyphens to spaces
text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- now eliminate punctuation
text = rsub(text, "", "")
-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
table.insert(debug, text)
--determining whether "y" or "w" is a consonant or a Vowel
text = rsub(text, "y(" .. V .. ")", "ɟ%1") -- not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "y#", "i")
text = rsub(text, "w(" .. V .. ")","w%1")
text = rsub(text, "w#","u")
-- handle certain combinations; ch, ll, ng and sh handling needs to go first
text = rsub(text, "ch", "ć") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "ll", "ʎ")
text = rsub(text, "ñg", "ŋ") --use this for NG in loanwords from Philippine languages. Otherwise will be handled as Spanish NG
text = rsub(text, "sh", "ʃ")
--x
text = rsub(text, "x", "ks")
--c, g, q
text = rsub(text, "c()", "s%1")
text = rsub(text, "g()", "x%1")
text = rsub(text, "gu(" .. V .. ")", "ɡ%1")
text = rsub(text, "gü(" .. V .. ")", "ɡw%1")
text = rsub(text, "qu()", "k%1")
text = rsub(text, "ü", "u")
table.insert(debug, text)
--alphabet-to-phoneme
text = rsub(text, "",
--="ɡ": U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G → U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
--J is for Spanish J. To handle non-Spanish J, respell it to DI
--7 is for glottal stop in loanwords from Philippine languages.
{ = "k", = "p", = "ɡ", = "x", = "ɲ", = "k", = "ɾ", = "b", = "ɟ", = "s", = "ʔ" })
-- trill in rr (as in ], ])
text = rsub(text, "ɾɾ", "r")
text = rsub(text, "()ɾ", "%1r")
-- reduce any remaining double consonants;
-- do this before handling of -nm- e.g. in ], which generates a double consonant, and do this
text = rsub(text, "(" .. C .. ")%1", "%1")
-- voiceless stop to voiced before obstruent or nasal; but intercept -ts-, -tz-
local voice_stop = { = "b", = "d", = "ɡ" }
text = rsub(text, "t(" .. separator_c .. "*)", "!%1") -- temporary symbol
text = rsub(text, "()(" .. separator_c .. "*" .. T .. ")",
function(stop, after)
return voice_stop .. after
end)
text = rsub(text, "!", "t")
text = rsub(text, "n(*)", "m%1")
-- remove silent h before syllable division
text = rsub(text, "h", "")
table.insert(debug, text)
--syllable division
local vowel_to_glide = { = "j", = "w", = "w" }
-- i, o and u between vowels -> j and w.
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)()(" .. V .. ")",
function(v1, iou, v2)
return v1 .. vowel_to_glide .. v2
end
)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. C .. W .. "?" .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "()%.()", ".%1%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
-- Any aeo, or stressed iu, should be syllabically divided from a following aeo or stressed iu.
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. accent_c .. "*)()", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "(" .. stress_c .. ")()", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. stress_c .. ")(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "i(" .. accent_c .. "*)i", "i%1.i")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "u(" .. accent_c .. "*)u", "u%1.u")
table.insert(debug, text)
--diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "ih?()", "j%1")
text = rsub(text, "uh?()", "w%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
local accent_to_stress_mark = { = "ˈ", = "ˈʔ", = "" }
local function accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Now stress the word. If any accent exists in the word (including ^ indicating an unaccented word),
-- put the stress mark(s) at the beginning of the indicated syllable(s). Otherwise, apply the default
-- stress rule.
if rfind(word, accent_c) then
for i = 1, #syllables do
syllables = rsub(syllables, "^(.*)(" .. accent_c .. ")(.*)$",
function(pre, accent, post)
return accent_to_stress_mark .. pre .. post
end
)
end
else
-- Default stress rule. Words without vowels (e.g. IPA foot boundaries) don't get stress. Follow Spanish rules for stress.
if #syllables > 1 and rfind(word, "#") or #syllables == 1 and rfind(word, "") then
syllables = "ˈ" .. syllables
elseif #syllables >= 2 then
syllables = "ˈ" .. syllables
end
end
end
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for j, word in ipairs(words) do
-- accentuation
local syllables = rsplit(word, "%.")
if rfind(word, "men%.te#") then
local mente_syllables
-- Words ends in -mente (converted above to ménte); add a stress to the preceding portion
-- (e.g. ] -> 'ágriaménte') unless already stressed (e.g. ]).
-- It will be converted to secondary stress further below. Essentially, we rip the word apart
-- into two words ('mente' and the preceding portion) and stress each one independently.
mente_syllables = {}
mente_syllables = table.remove(syllables)
mente_syllables = table.remove(syllables)
accent_word(table.concat(syllables, "."), syllables)
accent_word(table.concat(mente_syllables, "."), mente_syllables)
table.insert(syllables, mente_syllables)
table.insert(syllables, mente_syllables)
else
accent_word(word, syllables)
end
-- Vowels are nasalized if followed by nasal in same syllable.
if phonetic then
for i = 1, #syllables do
-- first check for two vowels (veinte)
syllables = rsub(syllables, "(" .. V .. ")(" .. V .. ")()",
"%1" .. TILDE .. "%2" .. TILDE .. "%3")
-- then for one vowel
syllables = rsub(syllables, "(" .. V .. ")()", "%1" .. TILDE .. "%2")
end
end
-- Reconstruct the word.
words = table.concat(syllables, phonetic and "." or "")
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- suppress syllable mark before IPA stress indicator
text = rsub(text, "%.(" .. ipa_stress_c .. ")", "%1")
--make all primary stresses but the last one be secondary
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "ˈ(.+)ˈ", "ˌ%1ˈ")
table.insert(debug, text)
table.insert(debug,text)
--correct final glottal stop placement
text = rsub(text,"()ʔ()()","%1%2%3ʔ")
--vowels with grave to vowel+glottal stop
text = rsub(text,"à","aʔ")
text = rsub(text,"è","eʔ")
text = rsub(text,"ì","iʔ")
text = rsub(text,"ò","oʔ")
text = rsub(text,"ù","uʔ")
table.insert(debug,text)
--phonetic transcription
if phonetic then
--/j/-coalescence before D, S, and T
text = rsub(text,"()()j","%2ĵ") -- /d/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"s()j","%1ʃ") -- /s/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"t()j","%1ć") -- /t/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"()d()()","%1ĵ%3") -- /dj/ at syllable onset
text = rsub(text,"()s()()","%1ʃ%3") -- /sj/ at syllable onset
text = rsub(text,"()t()()","%1ć%3") -- /tj/ at syllable onset
-- θ, s, f before voiced consonants
local voiced = "mnɲbdɟɡʎl"
local r = "ɾr"
local tovoiced = {
= "z",
}
local function voice(sound, following)
return tovoiced .. following
end
text = rsub(text, "()(" .. separator_c .. "*)", voice)
-- fricative vs. stop allophones; first convert stops to fricatives, then back to stops
-- after nasals and sometimes after l
-- only affects Chavacano Y (/b/, /d/ /g/ are not affricates)
local stop_to_fricative = { = "ʝ" }
local fricative_to_stop = { = "ɟ" }
text = rsub(text, "", stop_to_fricative)
text = rsub(text, "(" .. separator_c .. "*)()",
function(nasal_l, fricative)
return nasal_l .. fricative_to_stop
end
)
text = rsub(text, "(##" .. ipa_stress_c .. "*)()",
function(stress, fricative)
return stress .. fricative_to_stop
end
)
text = rsub(text, "", { = "t̪", = "d̪" })
--dental s/z
local dental = "dt"
local todental = {
= "s̪",
= "z̪",
}
local function dent(sound, following)
return todental .. following
end
text = rsub(text, "()(" .. separator_c .. "*)", dent)
-- nasal assimilation before consonants
local labiodental, dentialveolar, dental, palatal, velar, alveolar = "ɱ", "n̪", "n̟", "ɲ", "ŋ", "n"
local nasal_assimilation = {
= dentialveolar, = dentialveolar,
= palatal,
= palatal,
= palatal, = palatal,
= velar, = velar, = velar,
= alveolar, = alveolar, = alveolar, = alveolar, = alveolar, = alveolar,
}
text = rsub(text, "n(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
function(stress, following)
return (nasal_assimilation or "n") .. stress .. following
end
)
-- lateral assimilation before consonants
text = rsub(text, "l(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
function(stress, following)
local l = "l"
if following == "t" or following == "d" then
-- dentialveolar
l = "l̪"
elseif following == "θ" then
-- dental
l = "l̟"
elseif following == "ć" or following == "ɲ" or following == "ɟ" or following == "ʎ" then
-- palatal
l = "ʎ"
end
return l .. stress .. following
end)
--semivowels
text = rsub(text, "eu", "ju")
text = rsub(text, "()", "%1̯")
text = rsub(text, "()", "%1̯")
end
table.insert(debug, text)
-- convert fake symbols to real ones
local final_conversions = {
= "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
= "ʝ", -- fake "y" to real "y"
}
local final_conversions_phonetic = {
= "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
= "ɟ͡ʝ", -- fake "y" to real "y"
= "d͡ʒ", -- fake "di+vowel" to real "di+vowel"
}
if phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "", final_conversions_phonetic)
end
text = rsub(text, "", final_conversions)
-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
text = rsub(text, "#", "")
return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end
function export.show(frame)
local params = {
= {},
= {},
= {},
= { type = "number", default = 1 },
}
local parargs = frame:getParent().args
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
local results = {}
local text = args or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. export.IPA(text, false) .. "/" })
table.insert(results, { pron = "" })
local bullet = string.rep("* ", args.bullets) .. " "
local pre = args.pre and args.pre .. " " or ""
local post = args.post and " " or ""
return bullet .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } .. post
end
return export