Reconstruction:Old Persian/θigrah

This Old Persian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Persian

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly borrowed from Proto-Sarmatian *ćiǧr (whence Alanic *cirǧ (“sharp; garlic”)), from Proto-Scythian *tiǧri. Doublet of 𐎫𐎥𐎼 (t-g-r /⁠tigraʰ⁠/, “sharp”).

Noun

*θigrah

garlic

Derived terms

*θigrakah
- Middle Persian: *sīrk
  - →? Baluchi: سیرک (sîrk)
  - →? Bashkardi:
    Bashkardi: سیرک (sîrk)
    
    Minabi: سیرگ (sirg)
- ⇒? 𐎰𐎠𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎨𐎡𐏁 (θ-a-i-g-r-c-i-š /⁠θāigračiš⁠/)

Descendants

Middle Persian: (/⁠sigr, sīr⁠/)
Book Pahlavi script: (syl), (TWMʾ)
- Bakhtiari: سیر (sîr)
- Classical Persian: سیر (sîr)
  - Tajik: сер (ser)
  - Dari: سیر (sîr)
  - Iranian Persian: سیر (sîr)
  - → Gilaki: سیر (sîr)
  - → Ormuri: سیر (sêr)
  - → Parachi: سیر (sîr) (dialectal)
  - → Sanglechi: سیر (sîr)
- →? Proto-Kurdish:
  - Central Kurdish: سیر (sîr)
  - Northern Kurdish: sîr
- →? Sanskrit: शिग्रु (śígru, “Moringa pterygosperma (horseradish tree)”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Lubotsky, Alexander (2002) “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎, Oxford University Press, →DOI, pages 195-196, 198-199
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007) “1.4.12.6 Θaigracis (Θ-a-i-g-r-č-i-š)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 39: “39”
^ de Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 93-94
^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 12
^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 61: “OP *θigra- > LMP sīr (< EMP *sigr) ‘garlic’”
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 285-286
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1929) “sīr²”, in Parachi and Ormuri (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume I, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 288
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “sīr”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 411
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śígru-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen ‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 635

[Lubotsky-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Lubotsky, Alexander (2002) “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎, Oxford University Press, →DOI, pages 195-196, 198-199

[Tavernier-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Tavernier, Jan (2007) “1.4.12.6 Θaigracis (Θ-a-i-g-r-č-i-š)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 39: “39”

[3] Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 93-94

[4] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 12

[5] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 61: “OP *θigra- > LMP sīr (< EMP *sigr) ‘garlic’”

[6] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 285-286

[7] Morgenstierne, Georg (1929) “sīr²”, in Parachi and Ormuri (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume I, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 288

[8] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “sīr”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 411

[9] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śígru-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen ‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 635