Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ

This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)
• Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)

The Munda reflexes for this item are of the "Northern Austroasiatic" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common "non-Northern" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three "Northern" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”).

*tŋiːʔ

1. day
2. sun

• Aslian:
  • Southern Aslian
    • Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ
    • Semelai: tɲi
• Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)
  • West Bahnaric:
    • Laven:
      • Jru': tŋaj
      • Juk: taŋaj
      • Su: taŋaj
    • Brao: təŋaj
  • Central Bahnaric:
    • Alak: taŋaj
    • South Bahnaric:
      • Koho: töngai
  • North Bahnaric:
    • Halang: ngay
• Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)
  • Eastern Katu: t'ngay
  • Pacoh: ingay
  • Eastern Bru: tangái
  • Ta'oi: tŋaj
  • Kuy: təŋaj
• Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)
  • Khasi: sngi, 'ngi
• Khmeric:
  • Modern Khmer: ថ្ងៃ (thngay)
• Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)
  • Khmu: sŋiʔ
  • Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː
  • Mal: ŋeʔ
• Munda:
  • North Munda:
    • Santali: ᱥᱤᱧ (siñ)
  • Bondo: siŋi
• Monic:
  • Old Mon: tṅey
    • Modern Mon: တ္ၚဲ (ŋoa)
• Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)
  • Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹
  • Palaung:
    • Shwe:
      • Sam-Loong: ဆငီ
  • Plang:
    • La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ
    • Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ
• Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)
  • Chong: ŋiʔ ("noon")
• Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)
  • Tho:
    • Cuối Chăm: ŋaj¹
    • Làng Lỡ: ŋiː¹
  • Viet-Muong:
    • Muong: ngày
    • Vietnamese: ngày
• >? Old Javanese: taṅhi
  • > Javanese: ꦠꦔꦶ (tangi) (inherited)
• >? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe
  • > Javanese: ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ (srengéngé, “sun”) (inherited)