Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tŋiːʔ

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 This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

Etymology

  • Proto-Austroasiatic: *tŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2024, #AA027)
  • Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₂ŋiiʔ (Shorto, 2006, #31)

The Munda reflexes for this item are of the "Northern Austroasiatic" type (with a fricative, affricate or palatal stop), opposed to the more common "non-Northern" type (with alveolar/dental stop). The three "Northern" branches (Khmuic, Palaungic, Khasian) all have non-*t- reflexes here, although they do not always agree: Proto-Khasian *ktʰaŋ vs. Proto-Khmuic *c₁aŋ, Proto-Palaungic *ʦaŋ (“bitter”).

Noun

*tŋiːʔ

  1. day

Descendants

  • Aslian:
    • Southern Aslian
      • Semaq Beri: təŋiʔ
      • Semelai: tɲi
  • Proto-Bahnaric: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2011)
    • West Bahnaric:
      • Laven:
        • Jru': tŋaj
        • Juk: taŋaj
        • Su: taŋaj
      • Brao: təŋaj
    • Central Bahnaric:
      • Alak: taŋaj
      • South Bahnaric:
    • North Bahnaric:
  • Proto-Katuic: *tŋaj (Sidwell, 2005)
  • Proto-Khasian: *sŋiː (Sidwell, 2018)
  • Khmeric:
  • Proto-Khmuic: *cŋi/eʔ (Sidwell, 2013)
    • Khmu: sŋiʔ
    • Khsing-Mul: cəlŋeː
    • Mal: ŋeʔ
  • Munda:
    • North Munda:
    • Bondo: siŋi
  • Monic:
  • Proto-Palaungic: *cəŋiːʔ (Sidwell, 2015)
    • Riang: sᵊɲiʔ¹
    • Palaung:
    • Plang:
      • La Gang: sà.ŋìʔ
      • Man Noi: sá.ŋíʔ
  • Proto-Pearic: *tŋiʔ (Headley, 1985)
    • Chong: ŋiʔ ("noon")
  • Proto-Vietic: *-ŋiː (Ferlus, 2007)
  • →? Old Javanese: taṅhi
  • →? Old Javanese: sṛŋeŋe

References

  • Shorto, Harry (2006) Sidwell, Paul, Doug Cooper and Christian Bauer, editors, A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN
  • Sidwell, Paul (2024) “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society‎, volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii
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