Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/gárdas

This Proto-Balto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose, to encircle; enclosure, fence, belt”).

Reconstruction notes

Apparently, the barytone accent paradigm is reflected in the reflexes in the far North of the Slavic area in Pskov monuments and North Pskov dialects. Also in the Old Lithuanian monuments (Daukša) and in the Samogitian dialects.^[1]

Noun

*gárdas m^[2]^[3]^[4]

enclosure

Inflection

Declension of *gárdas (o-stem, fixed accent)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gárdas	*gárdōˀ	*gárdai⁽ˀ⁾
Accusative	*gárdan	*gárdōˀ	*gárdō⁽ˀ⁾ns
Genitive	*gárdā	*gárdāu⁽ˀ⁾	*gárdōn
Locative	*gárdai	*gárdāu⁽ˀ⁾	*gárdaišu
Dative	*gárdōi	*gárdamā⁽ˀ⁾	*gárdamas
Instrumental	*gárdōˀ	*gárdamāˀ	*gárdōis
Vocative	*gárde	*gárdōˀ	*gárdai⁽ˀ⁾

Descendants

East Baltic:
- Latgalian: gords
- Latvian: gãrds
- Lithuanian: gar̃das
Proto-Slavic: *gõrdъ or *gȏrdъ (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Mordvinic: *kardas ~ *kardaz (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M. (1963) Именная акцентуация в балтийском и славянском: Судьба акцентуационных парадигм [Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic: The Fate of Accentuation Paradigms]‎ (in Russian), Soviet Union, Moscow: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, page 118
^ Kim, Ronald (2018) “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook‎, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gȏrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178: “*gordos”
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gardas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*gordos”

[1] Illich-Svitych, Vladislav M. (1963) Именная акцентуация в балтийском и славянском: Судьба акцентуационных парадигм [Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic: The Fate of Accentuation Paradigms]‎ (in Russian), Soviet Union, Moscow: Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, page 118

[2] Kim, Ronald (2018) “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook‎, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gȏrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 178: “*gordos”

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “gardas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*gordos”

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