Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸolnos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Possibly a *-nós adjective from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-,[1] but the appearance of the o-grade is odd (but paralleled in Ancient Greek πολύς (polús)) and the root *pleh₁- already had a *-nós adjective, namely *pl̥h₁nós, inherited into Celtic as *ɸlānos.

Adjective

*ɸolnos[2]

  1. great in size

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ɸolnos *ɸolnou *ɸolnoi
vocative *ɸolne *ɸolnou *ɸolnoi
accusative *ɸolnom *ɸolnou *ɸolnoms
genitive *ɸolnī *ɸolnous *ɸolnom
dative *ɸolnūi *ɸolnobom *ɸolnobos
instrumental *ɸolnū *ɸolnobim *ɸolnobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ɸolnā *ɸolnai *ɸolnās
vocative *ɸolnā *ɸolnai *ɸolnās
accusative *ɸolnam *ɸolnai *ɸolnams
genitive *ɸolnās *ɸolnous *ɸolnom
dative *ɸolnai *ɸolnābom *ɸolnābos
instrumental *? *ɸolnābim *ɸolnābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ɸolnom *ɸolnou *ɸolnā
vocative *ɸolnom *ɸolnou *ɸolnā
accusative *ɸolnom *ɸolnou *ɸolnā
genitive *ɸolnī *ɸolnous *ɸolnom
dative *ɸolnūi *ɸolnobom *ɸolnobos
instrumental *ɸolnū *ɸolnobim *ɸolnobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ɸolnyūs *? *ɸolnyoses
vocative *ɸolnyūs *? *ɸolnyoses
accusative *ɸolnyosam *? *ɸolnyosams
genitive *ɸolnisos *? *ɸolnisom
dative *ɸolnisei *? *ɸolnisbos
instrumental *ɸolnisī *? *ɸolnisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ɸolnyūs *? *ɸolnyoses
vocative *ɸolnyūs *? *ɸolnyoses
accusative *ɸolnyosam *? *ɸolnyosams
genitive *ɸolnisos *? *ɸolnisom
dative *ɸolnisei *? *ɸolnisbos
instrumental *ɸolnisī *? *ɸolnisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ɸolnis *? *?
vocative *ɸolnis *? *?
accusative *ɸolnis *? *?
genitive *ɸolnisos *? *ɸolnisom
dative *ɸolnisei *? *ɸolnisbos
instrumental *ɸolnisī *? *ɸolnisbis

Reconstruction notes

Matasović refuses to place the Gaulish word under this etymon, instead placing it under *olyos (“all”). His objection makes little sense since "all" cannot account for all the semantics of the Gaulish word and compounds derived from it:

  • The attested ollon is in antonymic opposition to meion (seemingly from *mey- (“small”)) in the Chamalières inscription.
  • Several place-names containing the combining form Ollo- make more sense when it means "great, large", such as German Olbrück (< Ollo-brigā "great fort"), French Olendon and Oudun (< *Ollo-dūnom "great fort").

Descendants

  • Old Irish: oll
    • Irish: oll
  • Gaulish: ollon (neut. nom. sg.) (attested in Chamalières)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 136-137
  2. ^ Stifter, David (2023) “The rise of gemination in Celtic”, in Open Research Europe‎, volume 3, number 24, →DOI, page 33
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