Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-towyos

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

A closely related suffix in Indo-Aryan exists in Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya).[1] They are probably extensions of Proto-Indo-European *-tus (action noun suffix).

Suffix

*-towyos[1][2]

  1. Forms verbals of necessity or gerundives.

Usage notes

This suffix was attached to the same allomorph of the root as the past passive participle.

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *-towyos *-towyou *-towyoi
vocative *-towye *-towyou *-towyoi
accusative *-towyom *-towyou *-towyons
genitive *-towyī *-towyous *-towyom
dative *-towyūi *-towyobom *-towyobos
locative *-towyei *? *?
instrumental *-towyū *-towyobim *-towyūis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *-(a)duɨ
  • Old Irish: -thi

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Zair, Nicholas (2011) “Olr cuae, MW keu, MB queu 'hollow'”, in Ériu, volume 61, page 165
  2. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 296