Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drūtos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown; the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”) is doubtful. The u of the Welsh word is unexpected, as Proto-Celtic *ū becomes *i in Proto-Brythonic and i in Welsh (compare Proto-Celtic *dūnom > Welsh din). It is possible the Welsh word was influenced by Gaulish or Goidelic, or is a loanword from one of them; foreign /uː/ is usually rendered as u when loaned into Welsh.

Adjective

*drūtos

  1. foolish, lewd
  2. costly
  3. daring, wanton
  4. furious, grievous

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *drūtos *drūtou *drūtoi
vocative *drūte *drūtou *drūtoi
accusative *drūtom *drūtou *drūtoms
genitive *drūtī *drūtous *drūtom
dative *drūtūi *drūtobom *drūtobos
instrumental *drūtū *drūtobim *drūtobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *drūtā *drūtai *drūtās
vocative *drūtā *drūtai *drūtās
accusative *drūtam *drūtai *drūtams
genitive *drūtās *drūtous *drūtom
dative *drūtai *drūtābom *drūtābos
instrumental *? *drūtābim *drūtābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *drūtom *drūtou *drūtā
vocative *drūtom *drūtou *drūtā
accusative *drūtom *drūtou *drūtā
genitive *drūtī *drūtous *drūtom
dative *drūtūi *drūtobom *drūtobos
instrumental *drūtū *drūtobim *drūtobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *drūtyūs *? *drūtyoses
vocative *drūtyūs *? *drūtyoses
accusative *drūtyosam *? *drūtyosams
genitive *drūtisos *? *drūtisom
dative *drūtisei *? *drūtisbos
instrumental *drūtisī *? *drūtisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *drūtyūs *? *drūtyoses
vocative *drūtyūs *? *drūtyoses
accusative *drūtyosam *? *drūtyosams
genitive *drūtisos *? *drūtisom
dative *drūtisei *? *drūtisbos
instrumental *drūtisī *? *drūtisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *drūtis *? *?
vocative *drūtis *? *?
accusative *drūtis *? *?
genitive *drūtisos *? *drūtisom
dative *drūtisei *? *drūtisbos
instrumental *drūtisī *? *drūtisbis

Descendants

  • Gaulish: Trutiknos
  • Middle Irish: drúth
  • Middle Welsh: drut

References

  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “drúth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “drud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 106
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