Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/exswertis

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *exs- +‎ *wert- (“to turn”) +‎ *-is (forms adjectives from prefixed bases).

Adjective

*exswertis m^[1]

turned away?
outside or without boundary markers?

Inflection

I-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*exswertis	*exswertī	*exswertīs
vocative	*exswerti	*exswertī	*exswertīs
accusative	*exswertim	*exswertī	*exswertims
genitive	*exswerteis	*exswertyou	*exswertyom
dative	*exswertei	*exswertibom	*exswertibos
instrumental	*exswertī	*exswertibim	*exswertibis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*exswertis	*exswertī	*exswertīs
vocative	*exswerti	*exswertī	*exswertīs
accusative	*exswertim	*exswertī	*exswertims
genitive	*exswerteis	*exswertyou	*exswertyom
dative	*exswertei	*exswertibom	*exswertibos
instrumental	*exswertī	*exswertibim	*exswertibis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*exswerti	*exswertī	*exswertyā
vocative	*exswerti	*exswertī	*exswertyā
accusative	*exswerti	*exswertī	*exswertyā
genitive	*exswertois	*exswertois	*exswertyom
dative	*exswertē	*exswertibom	*exswertibos
instrumental	*exswertī	*exswertibim	*exswertibis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *exwɨrθ
- Welsh: echwyrth (“foolish”)
Old Irish: esert, esirt (“vagrant”)
⇒ Gaulish: exuertinin (“disloyal”, acc. sg. f.)

References

^ Stifter, David (2013) “Two Continental Celtic Studies: the Vocative of Gaulish, and Essimnus”, in Juan Luis García Alonso, editor, Continental Celtic Word Formation. The Onomastic Data, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pages 99-122

[1] Stifter, David (2013) “Two Continental Celtic Studies: the Vocative of Gaulish, and Essimnus”, in Juan Luis García Alonso, editor, Continental Celtic Word Formation. The Onomastic Data, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pages 99-122

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