Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/grannos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown,^[1] although Delamarre (followed by Matasović) compares Proto-Germanic *granō.^[2]^[3]

Noun

*grannos m

beard

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grannos	*grannou	*grannoi
vocative	*granne	*grannou	*grannoi
accusative	*grannom	*grannou	*grannons
genitive	*grannī	*grannous	*grannom
dative	*grannūi	*grannobom	*grannobos
locative	*grannei	*?	*?
instrumental	*grannū	*grannobim	*grannūis

Reconstruction notes

The -e- in Irish and Romance are a problem. Matasović thinks there was a root ablaut alternation between *grend- and *grand-, while Schrijver invokes a regular sound law where -ann- and -andn- become -enn-.

Alternative reconstructions

*grandā^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *grann
- Middle Welsh: grann
  - Welsh: gran
- Breton: grann
Old Irish: grenn f
- Middle Irish: grend, grenn
  - Irish: greann
  - Scottish Gaelic: greann
Gaulish: *grennos
- → Old French: grenon
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: grenhon, greñón
- → Piedmontese: gernon
- → Venetan: grana

References

^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 456
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*grando-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 166
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “grannos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 183

[1] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 456

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*grando-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 166

[DLG-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “grannos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 183

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[2]

[3]