Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaballos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

*kappallos^[1]

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps a Wanderwort.^[1] See caballus.

Noun

*kaballos m^[2]

horse
Synonym: *ekʷos

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kaballos	*kaballou	*kaballoi
vocative	*kaballe	*kaballou	*kaballoi
accusative	*kaballom	*kaballou	*kaballoms
genitive	*kaballī	*kaballous	*kaballom
dative	*kaballūi	*kaballobom	*kaballobos
locative	*kaballei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kaballū	*kaballobim	*kaballūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kėfɨl
- Old Breton: cefel
  - Breton: kefel
- Old Welsh: cefel, chefel
  - Middle Welsh: keffyl
    - Welsh: ceffyl
Old Irish: capall (←^? Brythonic)
- Irish: capall
- Manx: cabbyl
- Scottish Gaelic: capall
- → Old Norse: kapall
  - Icelandic: kapall
Gaulish: *kaballos
- →? Latin: caballus (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “caballos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 96
^ Koch, John (2004) “*kaballo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[DLG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “caballos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 96

[2] Koch, John (2004) “*kaballo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1]

[2]