Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kalgā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to pierce, strike”).

Noun

*kalgā m

point

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalgā	*kalgai	*kalgās
vocative	*kalgā	*kalgai	*kalgās
accusative	*kalgam	*kalgai	*kalgāns
genitive	*kalgās	*kalgous	*kalgom
dative	*kalgāi	*kalgābom	*kalgābos
locative	*kalgai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*kalgābim	*kalgābis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kalɣ (“penis”)
- Breton: kalc'h
- Cornish: kal m, kalgh m
- Welsh: cal, cala f, caly m
Old Irish: colg, calg f (later m) (“sword”)
Pictish: ᚉᚐᚂᚈ (calt, “penis”)
Gaulish: *kalgos (“point, sword”)

References

^ Koch, John (2004) “*kalgā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 249
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page *kolgā of 212-213
^ Koch, John (2004) “*kolgo-, kalgo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 350
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages calgo-–98

[1] Koch, John (2004) “*kalgā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 249

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page *kolgā of 212-213

[3] Koch, John (2004) “*kolgo-, kalgo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 350

[4] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages calgo-–98