Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kliyos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *klēyos

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰 (hleiduma, “left”), and Latin clīvius (“inauspicious”). The left direction was considered a taboo and all Indo-European words meaning "left" come from words meaning "bent" or "crooked" as a result.

Adjective

*kliyos

  1. left
    Synonym: *souyos

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kliyos *kliyou *kliyoi
vocative *kliye *kliyou *kliyoi
accusative *kliyom *kliyou *kliyons
genitive *kliyī *kliyous *kliyom
dative *kliyūi *kliyobom *kliyobos
instrumental *kliyū *kliyobim *kliyobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kliyā *kliyai *kliyās
vocative *kliyā *kliyai *kliyās
accusative *kliyam *kliyai *kliyans
genitive *kliyās *kliyous *kliyom
dative *kliyai *kliyābom *kliyābos
instrumental *? *kliyābim *kliyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kliyom *kliyou *kliyā
vocative *kliyom *kliyou *kliyā
accusative *kliyom *kliyou *kliyā
genitive *kliyī *kliyous *kliyom
dative *kliyūi *kliyobom *kliyobos
instrumental *kliyū *kliyobim *kliyobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kliyūs *? *kliyoses
vocative *kliyūs *? *kliyoses
accusative *kliyosam *? *kliyosans
genitive *kliyisos *? *kliyisom
dative *kliyisei *? *kliyisbos
instrumental *kliyisī *? *kliyisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kliyūs *? *kliyoses
vocative *kliyūs *? *kliyoses
accusative *kliyosam *? *kliyosans
genitive *kliyisos *? *kliyisom
dative *kliyisei *? *kliyisbos
instrumental *kliyisī *? *kliyisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kliyis *? *?
vocative *kliyis *? *?
accusative *kliyis *? *?
genitive *kliyisos *? *kliyisom
dative *kliyisei *? *kliyisbos
instrumental *kliyisī *? *kliyisbis

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *kleð
  • Old Irish: clé

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*klēyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207
  2. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 94, page 61; reprinted 2017
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