Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”)^[1]. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”), Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”). Related to Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”).

Noun

*rūskos m

bark
beehive

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ruskos	*ruskou	*ruskoi
vocative	*ruske	*ruskou	*ruskoi
accusative	*ruskom	*ruskou	*ruskoms
genitive	*ruskī	*ruskous	*ruskom
dative	*ruskūi	*ruskobom	*ruskobos
locative	*ruskei	*?	*?
instrumental	*ruskū	*ruskobim	*ruskūis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk
- Middle Breton: rusquenn
  - Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)
- Old Cornish: rusc
  - Middle Cornish: risc
    - Cornish: rusk
- Middle Welsh: risgl
  - Welsh: rhisgl, rhisg
Old Irish: rúsc
- Irish: rúsc
- Manx: roost
- Scottish Gaelic: rùsg
Gaulish: rusca
- → Medieval Latin: rusca (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rūsk(l)o- *rusko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rūsk(l)o- *rusko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

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