Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skʷiyats

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skwey-, whence came also many Balto-Slavic cognates like Proto-Slavic *xvoja (“conifer needle”).^[1]

Noun

*skʷiyats f

hawthorn

Inflection

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skʷiyats	*skʷiyate	*skʷiyates
vocative	*skʷiyats	*skʷiyate	*skʷiyates
accusative	*skʷiyatam	*skʷiyate	*skʷiyatams
genitive	*skʷiyatos	*skʷiyatou	*skʷiyatom
dative	*skʷiyatei	*skʷiyatobom	*skʷiyatobos
locative	*skʷiyati	—	—
instrumental	*skʷiyate?	*skʷiyatobim	*skʷiyatobis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *spɨðad m (“thorn bushes”)^[2]
- Middle Breton: spezadenn
  - Breton: spezad (“gooseberry”)
- Cornish: spethas f (“briars”)
- Old Welsh: ispidatenn
  - Middle Welsh: yspidat
    - Welsh: ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), ysbaddad, sbaddad
- Pictish: *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (*spijad, “thorn”)^[3]
Old Irish: scé (“hawthorn”), sciad pl
- Middle Irish: scé (“thorn bush, whitethorn”), sciach pl
  - Irish: sceach
  - Manx: skaig, skeaig
  - ⇒ Scottish Gaelic: sceathan (“thorn bush”)
    - → English: Skeen (surname)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*skʷiyat-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
^ James, Alan (2014) The Brittonic Language in the Old North: A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence‎, volume 2: Dictionary, page 260 of 320
^ Rhys, Guto (2015) Approaching the Pictish Language: Historiography, Early Evidence and the Question of Pritenic‎, Glasgow: University of Glasgow, page 258-260 of 391

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*skʷiyat-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339

[2] James, Alan (2014) The Brittonic Language in the Old North: A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence‎, volume 2: Dictionary, page 260 of 320

[3] Rhys, Guto (2015) Approaching the Pictish Language: Historiography, Early Evidence and the Question of Pritenic‎, Glasgow: University of Glasgow, page 258-260 of 391

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