Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wernā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

*werno-

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wern- (“alder”).

Noun

*wernā f

alder

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wernā	*wernai	*wernās
vocative	*wernā	*wernai	*wernās
accusative	*wernam	*wernai	*wernāns
genitive	*wernās	*wernous	*wernom
dative	*wernāi	*wernābom	*wernābos
locative	*wernai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*wernābim	*wernābis

Descendants

Old Irish: fern
- Irish: fearn
  - ⇒ Irish: fearnóg
- Manx: farney
- Scottish Gaelic: feàrna
Proto-Brythonic: *gwern
- Welsh: gwern, gwernen (“alder”)
- Old Breton: guaern
  - Middle Breton: guern
    - Breton: gwern (“alder”)
- Old Cornish: guern, guernen
  - Cornish: gwern
Gaulish: *wernā
- → Latin: verna, vernum
  - Catalan: vern, verna
  - French: vergne, verne
  - Ligurian: verna
  - Occitan: verna
  - Piedmontese: verna
- >? Proto-Albanian: *werna
  - Albanian: verr

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*werno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 414

[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*werno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 414