Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hän
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän, *sen. The initial sound change *s > *h is irregular; a similar sound change is regular between the second and third syllables, and the relative lack of sentence stress given to personal pronouns appears to have motivated a similar change (also seen in *hek). Cognate with Proto-Samic *sonë.
Pronoun
*hän
Inflection
Inflection of *hän
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *hän | — | |
| accusative | *hänen | — | |
| genitive | *hänen | — | |
| partitive | *häntä | — | |
| inessive | *hänessä *hänehnä |
— | |
| elative | *hänestä | — | |
| illative | *hänehen | — | |
| adessive | *hänellä | — | |
| ablative | *häneltä | — | |
| allative | *hänelen *hänelek |
— | |
| essive | *hännä | — | |
| translative | *häneksi | — | |
| instructive | *hänen | — | |
| comitative | *hännek | — | |
| abessive | *hänettä | — | |
Descendants
In Southern Finnic (Estonian, Livonian, South Estonian incl. Võro, Votic), the pronoun has been repurposed as a reflexive pronominal stem, while *tämä is used as the third-person pronoun.
- ⇒ Estonian: enda (< partitive singular *häntä, later reanalyzed), enese (< genitive singular + possessive suffix, *hänensäk)
- Finnish: hän
- Kven: hän
- Ingrian: hää, (dialectal) hän, hään
- Karelian:
- ⇒ Livonian: eņtš (< with partitive and possessive endings, *häntänsäk)
- Livvi: häi
- Ludian: häin
- Veps: hän
- ⇒ Võro: hindä (< with partitive and inessive endings, *häntähen, later reanalyzed)
- Votic: (inflected forms of ize) ene