Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hëlma
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic (whence Lithuanian šelmuo (“ridge (of a roof)”)), or alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *helmaz.
Noun
*hëlma[1]
- hem (of clothing)
Inflection
Inflection of *hëlma
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *hëlma | *hëlmat | |
| accusative | *hëlman | *hëlmat | |
| genitive | *hëlman | *hëlmadën *hëlmoidën | |
| partitive | *hëlmada | *hëlmoida | |
| inessive | *hëlmassa *hëlmahna |
*hëlmoissa *hëlmoihna | |
| elative | *hëlmasta | *hëlmoista | |
| illative | *hëlmahën | *hëlmoihën | |
| adessive | *hëlmalla | *hëlmoilla | |
| ablative | *hëlmalta | *hëlmoilta | |
| allative | *hëlmalën *hëlmalëk |
*hëlmoilën *hëlmoilëk | |
| essive | *hëlmana | *hëlmoina | |
| translative | *hëlmaksi | *hëlmoiksi | |
| instructive | *hëlman | *hëlmoin | |
| comitative | *hëlmanëk | *hëlmoinëk | |
| abessive | *hëlmatta | *hëlmoitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: hõlm
- Finnish: helma
- Ingrian: helma
- Karelian:
- Livonian: ȭlma
- Livvi: helmu
- Ludian: helm
- Võro: hõlm
- Votic: õlma (Itšäpäivä)
References
Further reading
- “hõlm”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “helma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN