Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hurma

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 This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown origin. The Estonian reflex has been compared with words in Samic and Mordvinic (e.g. Erzya орма (orma, “disease”)) that would, however, require h- as attested in Northern Finnic to be secondary. Contamination from Finnish huuma may be possible.

EVE suggests that the word could be a derivation from *huristak (“to hum, whirr”), thus originally meaning "humming, whirring", with a later possible semantic shift to "whirl, vortex". This would make the Livonian descendant closest to the original meaning. The meaning "blood" would be developed by ellipsis from *vërën hurma (literally “flow of blood”), while the meaning "ecstasy, excitement, charm" would refer to how such emotions 'make one's head spin'.[1]

Reconstruction

A number of direct descendants and derivatives show a meaning 'blood' or 'wound', usually used in poetic or mythical contexts (the semantically neutral term for 'blood' remains *veri in all Finnic languages), explained as being through the mythical belief in blood carrying a person's mental and spiritual power. Toivonen (1944) suggests this as the primary original meaning.[2]

Noun

*hurma[3]

  1. ? excitement, ecstacy, charm

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Estonian: urm (“blood, wound”)
  • Finnish: hurma, hurme (“blood”)
  • Ingrian: hurmahenki
  • Karelian: (Northern, poetic) hurmeh (“blood”)
  • Livonian: ūrma (“stream, flow”) (< 'flowing blood'?)

References

  • “urm”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “hurma”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2022-11-29
  2. ^ Toivonen, Y. H. 1944. Sanat puhuvat. WSOY.
  3. ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*hurma”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎ (in Finnish)
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